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While it is claimed that schizophrenia occurs at similar rates worldwide, its prevalence and incidence varies across the world, [4] within countries, [5] and at the local and neighborhood level. [6] It causes approximately 1% of worldwide disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). [7]
Sociological studies of the early 20th century can be regarded as predecessors of today's psychiatric epidemiology. [1]: 6 These studies investigated for instance how suicide rates differ between Protestant and Catholic countries or how the risk of having schizophrenia is increased in neighborhood characterized with high levels of social isolation.
The formula for calculating the NEPP is = where N = population size,; P d = prevalence of the disease,; P e = proportion eligible for treatment,; r u = risk of the event of interest in the untreated group or baseline risk over appropriate time period (this can be multiplied by life expectancy to produce life-years),
2005 and 2008 studies of prevalence rates of schizophrenia estimate that the lifetime likelihood of developing the disorder is 0.3–0.7%, and did not find evidence of sex differences. [8] [9] However, other studies have found a higher prevalence and severity in males than females. [1] [10] [3]
The average lifetime prevalence found was 6.7% for MDD (with a relatively low lifetime prevalence rate in higher-quality studies, compared to the rates typically highlighted of 5–12% for men and 10–25% for women), and rates of 3.6% for dysthymia and 0.8% for Bipolar 1. [18]
Prevalence can also be measured with respect to a specific subgroup of a population. Incidence is usually more useful than prevalence in understanding the disease etiology: for example, if the incidence rate of a disease in a population increases, then there is a risk factor that promotes the incidence.
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