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Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is a condition affecting the vocal cords. [1] It is characterized by abnormal closure of the vocal folds, which can result in significant difficulties and distress during breathing, particularly during inhalation. [1] Due to the similarity in symptoms, VCD attacks are often mistaken for asthma attacks or laryngospasms.
This causes the person to use more force when speaking in an attempt to close the vocal folds completely, which in turn creates more trauma to the vocal folds. [9] Glottal insufficiency (when the vocal folds cannot close completely, often due to vocal fold paralysis) can also be an underlying cause of contact granulomas. [5]
Vocal cord paresis, also known as recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis or vocal fold paralysis, is an injury to one or both recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs), which control all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid muscle. The RLN is important for speaking, breathing and swallowing.
In severe cases, these structures, also called arytenoids, can close over to almost completely close the laryngeal inlet. [citation needed] In fewer cases, the glottic (i.e. vocal cord) structures close together and this is typically what happens during exercise-induced vocal-cord dysfunction. [citation needed]
The human vocal cords are roughly 12 – 24 mm in length, and 3–5 mm thick. [9] Histologically, the human vocal cords are a laminated structure composed of five different layers. The vocalis muscle, main body of the vocal cords, is covered by the mucosa, which consists of the epithelium and the lamina propria. [10]
The adducted vocal folds do not close completely but instead remain partially open. The narrow opening between the folds is referred to as the glottis . [ 23 ] [ 7 ] As air moves through the glottis, it causes a distortion of the air particles which sets the vocal folds into vibratory motion.
Country singer Morgan Wallen announced he is canceling six weeks of performances due to a vocal cord injury, at the guidance of his doctors. The 29-year-old shared a video on Instagram Tuesday ...
Unilateral vocal cord paralysis where one vocal cord out of the two is paralysed. Symptomatic glottic insufficiency (dysphonia, aspiration) which leads to incomplete glottic closure which in turn results in failure to produce proper sound. Age-related vocal fold atrophy leading to glottic insufficiency. [4]