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A blowout preventer (BOP) (pronounced B-O-P) [1] is a specialized valve or similar mechanical device, used to seal, control and monitor oil and gas wells to prevent blowouts, the uncontrolled release of crude oil or natural gas from a well. They are usually installed in stacks of other valves.
The BOP valve affixed to the wellhead could be closed in the event of drilling into a high pressure zone, and the well fluids contained. Well control techniques could be used to regain control of the well. As the technology developed, blowout preventers became standard equipment, and gushers became a thing of the past.
The Cameron ram-type blowout preventer was the first successful blowout preventer (BOP) for oil wells. It was developed by James S. Abercrombie and Harry S. Cameron in 1922. [1] [2] The device was issued U.S. patent 1,569,247 on January 12, 1926. [3] The blowout preventer was designated as a Mechanical Engineering Landmark in 2003. [1] [2] [4]
There is a variety of manufacturers of these gauges, but most utilize either a three-valve or a five-valve design to test the RPZD in different ways. In the UK , [ 6 ] Illinois, New York , [ 7 ] Texas , [ 8 ] and Missouri ( RsMO 10c60-11 ), the RPZD valve must be tested at least every 12 months by an accredited tester.
The oil industry specifications for wellhead systems (materials, dimensions, test procedures and pressure ratings etc.) are : API 6A, 20th Edition, October 2010; Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment; ISO 10423:2009 Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment
A rupture disc (burst) Pressure-effect acting at a rupture disc A rupture disc, also known as a pressure safety disc, burst disc, bursting disc, or burst diaphragm, is a non-reclosing pressure relief safety device that, in most uses, protects a pressure vessel, equipment or system from overpressurization or potentially damaging vacuum conditions.
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NTSB found that four key bolts were missing from the door plug that blew out on a Boeing 737 Max 9 during an Alaska Airlines flight from Portland to Ontario