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  2. Nitrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrate

    In the NO − 3 anion, the oxidation state of the central nitrogen atom is V (+5). This corresponds to the highest possible oxidation number of nitrogen. Nitrate is a potentially powerful oxidizer as evidenced by its explosive behaviour at high temperature when it is detonated in ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3), or black powder, ignited by the shock wave of a primary explosive.

  3. Nitrogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen

    Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System.

  4. Nitrate radical - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrate_radical

    Nitrogen trioxide or nitrate radical is an oxide of nitrogen with formula NO 3 , consisting of three oxygen atoms covalently bound to a nitrogen atom. This highly unstable blue compound has not been isolated in pure form, but can be generated and observed as a short-lived component of gas, liquid, or solid systems.

  5. Molecular model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_model

    The construction of physical models is often a creative act, and many bespoke examples have been carefully created in the workshops of science departments. There is a very wide range of approaches to physical modeling, including ball-and-stick models available for purchase commercially, to molecular models created using 3D printers. The main ...

  6. Mass flow rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_rate

    Mass flow rate is defined by the limit [3] [4] ˙ = =, i.e., the flow of mass through a surface per time .. The overdot on ˙ is Newton's notation for a time derivative.Since mass is a scalar quantity, the mass flow rate (the time derivative of mass) is also a scalar quantity.

  7. Quark model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_model

    While the quark model is derivable from the theory of quantum chromodynamics, the structure of hadrons is more complicated than this model allows. The full quantum mechanical wavefunction of any hadron must include virtual quark pairs as well as virtual gluons, and allows for a variety of mixings. There may be hadrons which lie outside the ...

  8. Nitric oxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_oxide

    Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide [1]) is a colorless gas with the formula NO. It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen . Nitric oxide is a free radical : it has an unpaired electron , which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its chemical formula ( • N=O or • NO).

  9. Molecular orbital diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital_diagram

    The bond order of diatomic nitrogen is three, and it is a diamagnetic molecule. [12] The bond order for dinitrogen (1σ g 2 1σ u 2 2σ g 2 2σ u 2 1π u 4 3σ g 2) is three because two electrons are now also added in the 3σ MO. The MO diagram correlates with the experimental photoelectron spectrum for nitrogen. [19]