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The Constitutional Act 1791 (French: Acte constitutionnel de 1791) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which was passed during the reign of George III. The act divided the old Province of Quebec into Lower Canada and Upper Canada, each with its own parliament and government. It repealed the Quebec Act 1774.
The constitution of Quebec comprises a set of legal rules that arise from the following categories: [1] The established provisions of the Clergy Endowments (Canada) Act 1791 , also known as the Constitutional Act of 1791, pertaining mainly to Lower Canada ( Quebec ), [ citation needed ]
The Constitutional Act 1791 divided the colony in two at the Ottawa River, so that the western part (Upper Canada) could be under the English legal system, with English speakers in the majority. The eastern part was named Lower Canada.
On June 10, 1791, the Constitutional Act was enacted in London and gave Canada its first parliamentary constitution. Containing 50 articles, the act brought the following changes: The Province of Quebec was divided into two distinct provinces, Province of Lower Canada (present-day Quebec) and Province of Upper Canada (present-day Ontario).
1790 – The Dechristianisation of France during the French Revolution marks the beginning of a sharp tightening of the powers and influence of the Roman Catholic Church in Quebec that would last until 1960. 1791 - The Constitutional Act is enacted by the British Parliament on June 10. 1792 - The first elections of Lower Canada are held on June 11.
Constitution of Lower Canada in 1791. The Province of Lower Canada inherited the mixed set of French and English institutions that existed in the Province of Quebec during the 1763–1791 period and which continued to exist later in Canada-East (1841–1867) and ultimately in the current Province of Quebec (since 1867).
With the adoption of the Constitutional Act of 1791, the sections of the Quebec Act dealing with the Council, its composition, and powers, were repealed. However, most of the members then sitting on the Council were called into the new Legislative Council of Lower Canada created by the said act.
1791–95 – British Captain George Vancouver explores Northwest Coast exhaustively with two ships, but finds no Northwest Passage.; Edmund Burke supports the proposed constitution for Canada, saying that: "To attempt to amalgamate two populations, composed of races of men diverse in language, laws and habitudes, is a complete absurdity.