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Bhāruci's commentary, titled Manu-sastra-vivarana, has far fewer number of verses than the Kullūka-Calcutta vulgate version in circulation since the British colonial era, and it refers to more ancient texts that are believed to be lost.
Laws must also change with ages, stated Āpastamba, a theory that became known as Yuga dharma in Hindu traditions. [46] Āpastamba also asserted in verses 2.29.11–15, states Olivelle, that "aspects of dharma not taught in Dharmasastras can be learned from women and people of all classes". [47]
Manu (Sanskrit: मनु) is a term found with various meanings in Hinduism.In early texts, it refers to the archetypal man, or the first man (progenitor of humanity).The Sanskrit term for 'human', मनुष्य (IAST: manuṣya) or मानव (IAST: mānava) means 'of Manu' or 'children of Manu'. [1]
Shastra (Sanskrit: शास्त्र, romanized: Śāstra pronounced) is a Sanskrit word that means "precept, rules, manual, compendium, book or treatise" in a general sense. [1] The word is generally used as a suffix in the Indian literature context, for technical or specialized knowledge in a defined area of practice.
Only Manu and Yājñavalkya refer to Ātmatuṣṭi as the fourth source of dharma within the Hindu Law tradition. Textual accounts of Manu's and Yajnavalkya's placement of Ātmatuṣṭi as a fourth source of dharma can be found in The Law Code of Manu 2.6 and The Law Code of Yajnavalkya 1.7.
Each Manu reigns over a period called a manvantara, each lasting for 71 chatur-yugas (306.72 million years). A total of 14 Manus reign successively in one kalpa (day of Brahma ). Preceding the first and following each manvantara is a sandhyā (connection period), each lasting the duration of Satya-yuga (1.728 million years).
The Dharma-sūtras themselves became the foundations for a large canon of texts, and branched off as numerous Dharma-sastra texts. [ 26 ] Jan Gonda states that the initial stages of Smṛti texts structurally developed in the form of a new prose genre named Sūtras, that is "aphorism, highly compact precise expression that captured the essence ...
This connection may enhance the prestige of Nāradasmṛti because some traditional texts state Manu pronouncements on dharma is above challenge. [7] However, Lariviere notes that it is clear from the critical edition and examination of other ancient documents that this explanation of Nāradasmṛti's origin is a myth, and was added later. [8]