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A sympatholytic (sympathoplegic) drug is a medication that opposes the downstream effects of postganglionic nerve firing in effector organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). [1] They are indicated for various functions; for example, they may be used as antihypertensives .
The mechanisms of sympathomimetic drugs can be direct-acting (direct interaction between drug and receptor), such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists; or indirect-acting (interaction not between drug and receptor), such as MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines.
Sympatholytic drugs produce an opposing effect to sympathomimetic drugs. They reduce or inhibit sympathetic nervous system action. The mode of action of sympatholytic drugs includes the direct mode of blocking the activation of adrenoreceptors by receptor antagonist (blocker), and the indirect mode of inhibiting noradrenaline synthesis, storage ...
Alpha 2 receptors are associated with sympatholytic properties. Alpha-adrenergic agonists have the opposite function of alpha blockers. Alpha adrenoreceptor ligands mimic the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine signaling in the heart, smooth muscle and central nervous system, with norepinephrine being the highest affinity.
Parasympatholytic drugs are sometimes used to treat slow heart rhythms (bradycardias or bradydysrhythmias) caused by myocardial infarctions or other pathologies, as well as to treat conditions that cause bronchioles in the lung to constrict, such as asthma. By blocking the parasympathetic nervous system, parasympatholytic drugs can increase ...
The combination of beta blockers and antihypertensive drugs will work on different mechanism to lower blood pressure. [17] For example, the co-administration of beta-1 blocker atenolol and ACE inhibitor lisinopril could produce a 50% larger reduction in blood pressure than using either drug alone. [18]
“Drugs to avoid include insulin and sulfonylurea medications (drugs prescribed for type 2 diabetes) since they can lower blood sugar levels,” Dr. Comite says. “If you’re on these drugs ...
Similar to clonidine, dexmedetomidine is a sympatholytic drug that acts as an agonist of α 2-adrenergic receptors in certain parts of the brain. [12] It was developed by Orion Pharma . Medical uses