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  2. Malfatti circles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malfatti_circles

    The problem of maximizing the total area of three circles in a triangle is never solved by the Malfatti circles. Instead, the optimal solution can always be found by a greedy algorithm that finds the largest circle within the given triangle, the largest circle within the three connected subsets of the triangle outside of the first circle, and ...

  3. Circle packing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_packing

    A compact binary circle packing with the most similarly sized circles possible. [7] It is also the densest possible packing of discs with this size ratio (ratio of 0.6375559772 with packing fraction (area density) of 0.910683). [8] There are also a range of problems which permit the sizes of the circles to be non-uniform.

  4. Packing problems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packing_problems

    Packing of irregular objects is a problem not lending itself well to closed form solutions; however, the applicability to practical environmental science is quite important. For example, irregularly shaped soil particles pack differently as the sizes and shapes vary, leading to important outcomes for plant species to adapt root formations and ...

  5. Circle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle

    The circle is the basis for the wheel, which, with related inventions such as gears, makes much of modern machinery possible. In mathematics, the study of the circle has helped inspire the development of geometry, astronomy and calculus.

  6. Trigonometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometry

    Trigonometric ratios can also be represented using the unit circle, which is the circle of radius 1 centered at the origin in the plane. [37] In this setting, the terminal side of an angle A placed in standard position will intersect the unit circle in a point (x,y), where x = cos ⁡ A {\displaystyle x=\cos A} and y = sin ⁡ A {\displaystyle ...

  7. Dividing a circle into areas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dividing_a_circle_into_areas

    The number of points (n), chords (c) and regions (r G) for first 6 terms of Moser's circle problem. In geometry, the problem of dividing a circle into areas by means of an inscribed polygon with n sides in such a way as to maximise the number of areas created by the edges and diagonals, sometimes called Moser's circle problem (named after Leo Moser), has a solution by an inductive method.

  8. Nine-point circle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine-point_circle

    The circle is an instance of a conic section and the nine-point circle is an instance of the general nine-point conic that has been constructed with relation to a triangle ABC and a fourth point P, where the particular nine-point circle instance arises when P is the orthocenter of ABC.

  9. Borromean rings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borromean_rings

    [9] [10] The link itself is much older and has appeared in the form of the valknut, three linked equilateral triangles with parallel sides, on Norse image stones dating back to the 7th century. [11] The Ōmiwa Shrine in Japan is also decorated with a motif of the Borromean rings, in their conventional circular form. [ 2 ]