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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotropin, a glycoprotein polypeptide hormone. [1] FSH is synthesized and secreted by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland [2] and regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation, and reproductive processes of the body.
Estrogen is the predominant sex hormone that slows bone loss (even in men). Both estrogen and testosterone help stimulate bone formation (T, especially at puberty). Testosterone may cause an increase in cortical bone thickness in transgender men (however this does not necessarily translate to a greater mechanical stability).
Male development can only occur when the fetal testis secretes key hormones at a critical period in early gestation. The testes begin to secrete three hormones that influence the male internal and external genitalia: they secrete anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Anti-Müllerian hormone causes the ...
Testosterone is the primary androgen — or male hormone — in your body. Low testosterone affects up to 39 percent of adult men in the US over the age of 45, and becomes increasingly prevalent ...
[139] [140] [141] The combination of a sufficient dosage of a progestogen with very small doses of an estrogen (e.g., as little as 0.5–1.5 mg/day oral estradiol) is synergistic in terms of antigonadotropic effect and is able to fully suppress gonadal testosterone production, reducing testosterone levels to the female/castrate range.
Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), also called hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or transgender hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy in which sex hormones and other hormonal medications are administered to transgender or gender nonconforming individuals for the purpose of more closely aligning their secondary sexual characteristics with their gender identity.
In males, the production of GnRH, LH, and FSH are similar, but the effects of these hormones are different. [20] FSH stimulates sustentacular cells to release androgen-binding protein, which promotes testosterone binding. LH binds to the interstitial cells, causing them to secrete testosterone.
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), also known as primary or peripheral/gonadal hypogonadism or primary gonadal failure, is a condition which is characterized by hypogonadism which is due to an impaired response of the gonads to the gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and in turn a lack of sex steroid production. [1]
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