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Rheumatoid nodules can vary in size from 2 mm to 5 cm and are usually rather firm to the touch. Quite often they are associated with synovial pockets or bursae. About 5% of people with rheumatoid arthritis have such nodules within two years of disease onset, and the cumulative prevalence is about 20–30%. [4]
About 20% of people with rheumatoid arthritis develop rheumatoid nodules, which are linked to more severe erosive disease in those patients. [2] The nodules are more common in men, typically manifest in the fifth decade of life, and are primarily found on extensor surfaces like the backs of the fingers and elbows, though they can occur anywhere.
Rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatitis occurs more frequently in patients with severe, persistent seropositive arthritis; it presents clinically as erythematous papules, nodules, plaques, or lesions resembling urticaria without any accompanying symptoms. [3] [4] [5] Less common conditions include annular lesions, blisters, ulcers, and vesicles.
The rheumatoid nodule, which is sometimes in the skin, is the most common non-joint feature and occurs in 30% of people who have RA. [21] It is a type of inflammatory reaction known to pathologists as a " necrotizing granuloma ".
Rheumatoid vasculitis can cause palpable purpura, ulcers, nodules, and digital necrosis on the skin. [6] Even though it is nonspecific and present in many different disorders, livedo reticularis is frequently observed. [3] Peripheral nervous system involvement is the second most common organ involved.
Nodules in skin include dermatofibroma [5] and pyogenic granuloma. [6] Nodules may form on tendons and muscles in response to injury, [7] and are frequently found on vocal cords. [8] They may occur in organs such as the lung, [9] or thyroid, [10] or be a sign in other medical conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. [11]