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The Tsardom of Russia, [a] also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, [b] was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721. From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. [11]
The Grand Duchy of Moscow was the successor to the Grand Duchy of Vladimir, which, in turn, was one of the principalities into which Kievan Rus' broke up. It is customary to consider the history of the armed forces of the principality from the middle of the 13th century (although Moscow replaced Vladimir as the political center of North-Eastern Rus' in the second half of the 14th century).
The first attempts at Western military training in Russia were made by Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky in 1609, during the De la Gardie campaign. [2]In 1630, the Muscovite government began to hire mercenary officers in Sweden, the Netherlands, and Scotland to train a new, "foreign formation force" (inozemskii stroi) with new tactics.
The Tsarist bureaucracy, alongside the military, the judiciary and the Russian Orthodox Church, played a major role in solidifying and maintaining the rule of the Tsars in the Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721) and in the Russian Empire (1721–1917).
The Landed Army (Russian: Поместное войско, romanized: Pomestnoe voisko) was the feudal cavalry of the Grand Principality of Moscow and Tsardom of Russia in the 15th to 17th centuries. [1]
The armies of the Rus' principalities emerged in the 13th century out of the military of Kievan Rus', shattered by the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'.The princely Rus' armies from 1240 to 1550 were characterised by feudalism, consisting of cavalry armies of noble militia and their armed servants.
The Tsar of all Russia, formally the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, [a] [1] was the title of the Russian monarch from 1547 to 1721. During this period, the state was a tsardom . The first Russian monarch to be crowned as tsar was Ivan IV , who had held the title of sovereign and grand prince . [ 2 ]
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