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Compared to Euclidean geometry, hyperbolic geometry presents many difficulties for a coordinate system: the angle sum of a quadrilateral is always less than 360°; there are no equidistant lines, so a proper rectangle would need to be enclosed by two lines and two hypercycles; parallel-transporting a line segment around a quadrilateral causes ...
Algebraically, hyperbolic and spherical geometry have the same structure. [4] This allows us to apply concepts and theorems to one geometry to the other. [4] Applying hyperbolic geometry to spherical geometry can make it easier to understand because spheres are much more concrete, which then makes spherical geometry easier to conceptualize.
János Bolyai (Hungarian: [ˈjaːnoʃ ˈboːjɒi]; 15 December 1802 – 27 January 1860) or Johann Bolyai, [2] was a Hungarian mathematician who developed absolute geometry—a geometry that includes both Euclidean geometry and hyperbolic geometry. The discovery of a consistent alternative geometry that might correspond to the structure of the ...
Most hyperbolic surfaces have a non-trivial fundamental group π 1 = Γ; the groups that arise this way are known as Fuchsian groups. The quotient space H 2 / Γ of the upper half-plane modulo the fundamental group is known as the Fuchsian model of the hyperbolic surface. The Poincaré half plane is also hyperbolic, but is simply ...
The idea of reducing geometry to its characteristic group was developed particularly by Mario Pieri in his reduction of the primitive notions of geometry to merely point and motion. Hyperbolic motions are often taken from inversive geometry : these are mappings composed of reflections in a line or a circle (or in a hyperplane or a hypersphere ...
In geometry, the hyperboloid model, also known as the Minkowski model after Hermann Minkowski, is a model of n-dimensional hyperbolic geometry in which points are represented by points on the forward sheet S + of a two-sheeted hyperboloid in (n+1)-dimensional Minkowski space or by the displacement vectors from the origin to those points, and m ...
The hyperbolic plane (and more generally any Hadamard manifolds of sectional curvature) is -hyperbolic. If we scale the Riemannian metric by a factor λ > 0 {\displaystyle \lambda >0} then the distances are multiplied by λ {\displaystyle \lambda } and thus we get a space that is λ ⋅ δ {\displaystyle \lambda \cdot \delta } -hyperbolic.
It was introduced by David Hilbert as a generalization of Cayley's formula for the distance in the Cayley–Klein model of hyperbolic geometry, where the convex set is the n-dimensional open unit ball. Hilbert's metric has been applied to Perron–Frobenius theory and to constructing Gromov hyperbolic spaces.