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Example of subscript and superscript. In each example the first "2" is professionally designed, and is included as part of the glyph set; the second "2" is a manual approximation using a small version of the standard "2". The visual weight of the first "2" matches the other characters better.
When used in mathematical context it is recommended to consistently use style markup for superscripts and subscripts […] However, when super and sub-scripts are to reflect semantic distinctions, it is easier to work with these meanings encoded in text rather than markup, for example, in phonetic or phonemic transcription. [2]
Superscripts and Subscripts is a Unicode block containing superscript and subscript numerals, mathematical operators, and letters used in mathematics and phonetics. The use of subscripts and superscripts in Unicode allows any polynomial, chemical and certain other equations to be represented in plain text without using any form of markup like HTML or TeX.
superscript plus sign u+207b ⁻ superscript minus u+207c ⁼ superscript equals sign u+207d ⁽ superscript left parenthesis u+207e ⁾ superscript right parenthesis u+208a ₊ subscript plus sign u+208b ₋ subscript minus u+208c ₌ subscript equals sign u+208d ₍ subscript left parenthesis u+208e ₎ subscript right parenthesis
Exponentiation is indicated using a superscript: 2 2 = 4 using 2{{sup|2}} = 4. Special care is needed with subscripted labels to distinguish the purpose of the subscript (as this is a common error): variables and constants in subscripts should be italic, while textual labels should be in normal text font (Roman, upright). For example:
Superscript two: 0114 U+00B3 ³ 179 0302 0263 ³ Superscript three: 0115 U+00B4 ´ 180 0302 0264 ´ Acute accent: 0116 U+00B5 µ 181 0302 0265 µ Micro sign: 0117 U+00B6 ¶ 182 0302 0266 ¶ Pilcrow sign 0118 U+00B7 · 183 0302 0267 · Middle dot: 0119 U+00B8 ¸ 184 0302 0270 ¸ Cedilla: 0120 U+00B9 ¹ 185 0302 0271 ...
For singular ordinal numbers, shortened forms use the feminine (ª) and masculine (º) ordinal indicators, [6] rather than the superscript a and o, except in ordinal numbers ending in -er (only before masculine singular sustantives for ordinal numbers whose cardinal equivalent finishes in 1 and 3, except with the 11.º variant spelled undécimo).
A few phoneticians use superscript letters for offglides and subscript letters for simultaneous articulation (e.g. tʲ vs tⱼ ). There is a longstanding tradition in the IPA that one may turn any IPA letter into a superscript, and in so doing impart its features to the base consonant.