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Information on two types of flat-panel display at the Zürich Hauptbahnhof railway station: an orange LED display (top right) and a LCD screen (bottom) A flat-panel display (FPD) is an electronic display used to display visual content such as text or images. It is present in consumer, medical, transportation, and industrial equipment.
With LCD screens, some manufacturers have opted to measure the contrast ratio and report the viewing angle as the angle where the contrast ratio exceeds 5:1 or 10:1, giving minimally acceptable viewing conditions. The viewing angle is measured from one direction to the opposite, giving a maximum of 180° for a flat, one-sided screen.
The optimum viewing distance is affected by the horizontal angle of the camera capturing the image. One concept of an ideal viewing distance places the viewer where the horizontal angle subtended by the screen is the same as the horizontal angle captured by the camera.
The viewing cone refers to the effective viewing directions of an LCD display, as seen from the eye. This collection of angles resembles a cone. The concept has been introduced as an international standard ISO 13406-2, which defines it as the range of viewing directions that can safely be used for the intended task without "reduced visual performance".
Screen-door effects are more noticeable than LCD when up close, or on larger sizes. [53] New models are no longer produced. Colored sub-pixels may age at different rates, leading to a color shift, although some models will scan pixels to even out wear and prevent this shift. [54] Sensitive to UV light from direct sunlight.
Flat panel displays by contrast use the actual diagonal of their visible display size, thus the size is the actual size presented to the viewer in all markets. This means that a similarly specified size of display will be larger as a flat panel display compared with a cathode ray tube display.
A field-emission display (FED) is a flat panel display technology that uses large-area field electron emission sources to provide electrons that strike colored phosphor to produce a color image. In a general sense, an FED consists of a matrix of cathode-ray tubes , each tube producing a single sub-pixel, grouped in threes to form red-green-blue ...