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C ♯ –E–G–B ♭ (dim. 7th), C ♯ –E ♭ –G–B ♭ ≡ E ♭ –G–B ♭ –D ♭ (lowering the major third a half tone and respelling as a modulating dom. 7th), A ♭ –C–E ♭ (quasi-tonic) leads to A ♭ major—a minor third and relative modulation (or tritone modulation if starting in D Major).
In the key of C major, these would be: D minor, E minor, F major, G major, A minor, and C minor. Despite being three sharps or flats away from the original key in the circle of fifths, parallel keys are also considered as closely related keys as the tonal center is the same, and this makes this key have an affinity with the original key.
For example, F major and D minor both have one flat in their key signature at B♭; therefore, D minor is the relative minor of F major, and conversely F major is the relative major of D minor. The tonic of the relative minor is the sixth scale degree of the major scale, while the tonic of the relative major is the third degree of the minor ...
The circle diagram shows the number of sharps or flats in each key signature, with the major key indicated by a capital letter and the minor key indicated by a lower-case letter. Major and minor keys that have the same key signature are referred to as relative major and relative minor of one another.
The old valveless horn was barely capable of playing in B-flat minor: the only example found in 18th-century music is a modulation that occurs in the first minuet of Franz Krommer's Concertino in D major, Op. 80.
Pieces in a major key will usually modulate to the dominant, (the fifth scale degree above the tonic). Pieces in a minor key will generally modulate to the relative major key, (the key of the third scale degree above the minor tonic), or to the dominant minor.
For example, in the key of C major the diatonic mediant and submediant are E minor and A minor respectively. Their parallel majors are E major and A major. The mediants of the parallel minor of C major (C minor) are E ♭ major and A ♭ major. Thus, by this conservative definition, C major has four chromatic mediants: E major, A major, E ...
E-flat major is a major scale based on E ♭, consisting of the pitches E ♭, F, G, A ♭, B ♭, C, and D. Its key signature has three flats . Its relative minor is C minor , and its parallel minor is E ♭ minor , (or enharmonically D ♯ minor ).