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The horizontal and vertical components of the hydrostatic force acting on a submerged surface are given by the following formula: [8] = = where p c is the pressure at the centroid of the vertical projection of the submerged surface
The total force vector acting at the center of pressure is the surface integral of the pressure vector field across the surface of the body. The resultant force and center of pressure location produce an equivalent force and moment on the body as the original pressure field. Pressure fields occur in both static and dynamic fluid mechanics ...
The surface tension σ is force per unit length of a surface element and acts tangential to the free surface. f σ = σ d l {\displaystyle f_{\sigma }=\sigma \ dl} For an infinitesimally small surface element dS , the tangential components of the surface tension forces cancel out when σ = constant , and the normal component can be expressed as ...
Free film lubrication theory is concerned with the case in which one of the surfaces containing the fluid is a free surface. In that case, the position of the free surface is itself unknown, and one goal of lubrication theory is then to determine this. Examples include the flow of a viscous fluid over an inclined plane or over topography.
The term g I 1 describes the hydrostatic force in a certain cross section. And, for a non-prismatic channel, g I 2 gives the effects of geometry variations along the channel axis x . In applications, depending on the problem at hand, there often is a preference for using either the momentum equation in non-conservation form, ( 2 ) or ( 3 ), or ...
In continuum mechanics, hydrostatic stress, also known as isotropic stress or volumetric stress, [1] is a component of stress which contains uniaxial stresses, but not shear stresses. [2] A specialized case of hydrostatic stress contains isotropic compressive stress, which changes only in volume, but not in shape. [ 1 ]
Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest – for example, on the sides of a swimming pool, a glass of water or the bottom of the ocean. Its value at any given location within the fluid is the product of the fluid density ( ρ ), the depth ( d ), and the forces applied by gravity ( g ) plus any background pressures, such ...
The surface of a fluid is curved because exposed molecules on the surface have fewer neighboring interactions, resulting in a net force that contracts the surface. There exists a pressure difference either side of this curvature, and when this balances out the pressure due to gravity, one can rearrange to find the capillary length.