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In statistics, the 68–95–99.7 rule, also known as the empirical rule, and sometimes abbreviated 3sr, is a shorthand used to remember the percentage of values that lie within an interval estimate in a normal distribution: approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the values lie within one, two, and three standard deviations of the mean, respectively.
S n is the approximation after taking n terms. Each subsequent subplot magnifies the shaded area horizontally by 10 times. (click for detail) He used the first 21 terms to compute an approximation of π correct to 11 decimal places as 3.141 592 653 59. He also improved the formula based on arctan(1) by including a correction:
The number π (/ p aɪ / ⓘ; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 3.14159, that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.It appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics, and some of these formulae are commonly used for defining π, to avoid relying on the definition of the length of a curve.
where C is the circumference of a circle, d is the diameter, and r is the radius.More generally, = where L and w are, respectively, the perimeter and the width of any curve of constant width.
In mathematics, the Leibniz formula for π, named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, states that = + + = = +,. an alternating series.. It is sometimes called the Madhava–Leibniz series as it was first discovered by the Indian mathematician Madhava of Sangamagrama or his followers in the 14th–15th century (see Madhava series), [1] and was later independently rediscovered by James Gregory in ...
96 GiB DDR3 @ 1066 MHz – (12× 8 GiB – 6 channels) – Samsung (M393B1K70BH1) 1 TB SATA II (Boot drive) – Hitachi (HDS721010CLA332), 3× 2 TB SATA II (Store Pi Output) – Seagate (ST32000542AS) 16× 2 TB SATA II (Computation) – Seagate (ST32000641AS) Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise (x64) Computation of binary digits: 80 days
The fact that any Hermitian complex 2 × 2 matrices can be expressed in terms of the identity matrix and the Pauli matrices also leads to the Bloch sphere representation of 2 × 2 mixed states’ density matrix, (positive semidefinite 2 × 2 matrices with unit trace.
It was used in the world record calculations of 2.7 trillion digits of π in December 2009, [3] 10 trillion digits in October 2011, [4] [5] 22.4 trillion digits in November 2016, [6] 31.4 trillion digits in September 2018–January 2019, [7] 50 trillion digits on January 29, 2020, [8] 62.8 trillion digits on August 14, 2021, [9] 100 trillion ...