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İstanbul originally was not used for the entire city, instead the name referred to the core of Istanbul—the walled city. [18] İstanbul was the common name for the city in normal speech in Turkish even before the conquest of 1453, [ citation needed ] but in official use by the Ottoman authorities other names, such as Kostantiniyye , were ...
Assassinated in Istanbul on 28 July 1808 at the behest of Ottoman Sultan Mustafa IV. 29 Mustafa IV: 29 May 1807 – 28 July 1808 (1 year, 60 days) Son of Abdul Hamid I and Sineperver Sultan. Deposed in an insurrection led by Alemdar Mustafa Pasha. Executed in Istanbul on 17 November 1808 by order of Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II. —
The basic ranks are species and genus. When an organism is given a species name it is assigned to a genus, and the genus name is part of the species name. The species name is also called a binomial, that is, a two-term name. For example, the zoological name for the human species is Homo sapiens. This is usually italicized in print or underlined ...
14 January: Istanbul Chamber of Commerce established. 1883 School of Economics established. [6] Orient Express (Paris–Istanbul) begins operating. Drita Albanian magazine begins publishing. 1886 1 September: Getronagan Armenian High School established. Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque built. 1887 Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque built. Hidayet Mosque rebuilt. 1890
The sovereigns' main titles were Sultan, Padishah (Emperor) and Khan; which were of various origins such as Arabic, Persian and Turkish or Mongolian. respectively.His full style was the result of a long historical accumulation of titles expressing the empire's rights and claims as successor to the various states it annexed or subdued.
The term phylum was coined in 1866 by Ernst Haeckel from the Greek phylon (φῦλον, "race, stock"), related to phyle (φυλή, "tribe, clan"). [4] [5] Haeckel noted that species constantly evolved into new species that seemed to retain few consistent features among themselves and therefore few features that distinguished them as a group ("a self-contained unity"): "perhaps such a real and ...
The city's current name İstanbul is a shortened version with a Turkish character of the Medieval Greek phrase "εἰς τὴν Πόλιν" [is tin ˈpolin], meaning "to the city", which had long been in vernacular use by the local population.
Combined with the five-kingdom model, this created a six-kingdom model, where the kingdom Monera is replaced by the kingdoms Bacteria and Archaea. [16] This six-kingdom model is commonly used in recent US high school biology textbooks, but has received criticism for compromising the current scientific consensus. [ 13 ]