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A gradient of red cabbage extract pH indicator from acidic solution on the left to basic on the right. Red cabbage contains an anthocyanin-based dye that can be used as a pH indicator. It is red, pink, or magenta in acids (pH < 7), purple in neutral solutions (pH ≈7), and ranges from blue to green to yellow in alkaline solutions (pH > 7). [7]
Extracting anthocyanins from household plants, especially red cabbage, to form a crude pH indicator is a popular introductory chemistry demonstration. Litmus, used by alchemists in the Middle Ages and still readily available, is a naturally occurring pH indicator made from a mixture of lichen species, particularly Roccella tinctoria.
The buffering capacity of the water probably overwhelmed the small amount of acid in the cabbage drippings, bringing the pH back to ~7 and turning the color blue. It's not that the tap water was very basic, it's just that it was less acidic than the juice. -- 174.21.247.23 ( talk ) 04:10, 17 February 2010 (UTC) [ reply ]
Red cabbage extract at low pH (left) to high pH (right) Anthocyanins generally are degraded at higher pH. However, some anthocyanins, such as petanin (petunidin 3-[6- O -(4- O -( E )- p -coumaroyl- O -α- l -rhamnopyranosyl)-β- d -glucopyranoside]-5- O -β- d -glucopyranoside), are resistant to degradation at pH 8 and may be used effectively ...
A roll of universal indicator paper Colors of universal indicator. A universal indicator is a pH indicator made of a solution of several compounds that exhibit various smooth colour changes over a wide range pH values to indicate the acidity or alkalinity of solutions. A universal indicator can be in paper form or present in a form of a ...
It can also be found in other fruits such as apples and plums, and in red cabbage and red onion. It has a characteristic reddish-purple color, though this can change with pH; solutions of the compound are red at pH < 3, violet at pH 7-8, and blue at pH > 11. In certain fruits, the highest concentrations of cyanidin are found in the seeds and skin.
It is often absorbed onto filter paper to produce one of the oldest forms of pH indicator, used to test materials for acidity. In an acidic medium, blue litmus paper turns red, while in a basic or alkaline medium, red litmus paper turns blue. In short, it is a dye and indicator which is used to place substances on a pH scale.
Phenolphthalein's common use is as an indicator in acid-base titrations. It also serves as a component of universal indicator, together with methyl red, bromothymol blue, and thymol blue. [3] Phenolphthalein adopts different forms in aqueous solution depending on the pH of the solution.