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Hand-foot-genital syndrome (HFGS) is characterized by limb malformations and urogenital defects. Mild bilateral shortening of the thumbs and great toes , caused primarily by shortening of the distal phalanx and/or the first metacarpal or metatarsal , is the most common limb malformation and results in impaired dexterity or apposition of the thumbs.
Symptoms may be treated by wearing wider shoes to relieve pressure, or the patient can wear padding around the toes. Surgery is also an option, if the pain and discomfort cannot be treated, or for cosmetic reasons. In this procedure, the short metatarsal is typically cut and a piece of bone is grafted between the two ends.
Knees have metaphyseal widening and irregularity while hands have brachydactyly (short fingers) and proximal metacarpal rounding. Flat feet are very common. [2] The spine is normal but may have a few irregularities, such as scoliosis. [citation needed]
Metacarpal synostosis is a rare congenital difference which is characterized by the fusion of 2 (or, in rare cases, more) metacarpals of the hand, which are usually shortened. It is most commonly seen as a fusion of the 4th and 5th metacarpals. It is a type of non-syndromic syndactyly/synostosis. [1]
The index metacarpal is the most firmly fixed, while the thumb metacarpal articulates with the trapezium and acts independently from the others. The middle metacarpals are tightly united to the carpus by intrinsic interlocking bone elements at their bases. The ring metacarpal is somewhat more mobile while the fifth metacarpal is semi ...
Metacarpal osteotomy was proposed as a potentially disease modifying surgery for more limited arthrosis, [24] but there is no experimental support for this theory. [ 25 ] There is limited and limited quality evidence regarding splints, corticosteroid injections, manual therapy and other palliative measures.
[3] [5] The third (middle finger) metacarpal head has been reported to be the most common site of necrosis. [6] Though osteonecrosis is a fairly common condition, many cases of avascular necrosis of the metacarpal head go without being diagnosed. This is because presentation of symptoms is variable depending on the patient.
The fourth metatarsal bone is a long bone in the foot. It is smaller in size than the third metatarsal bone and is the third longest (and smallest) of the five metatarsal bones. The fourth metatarsal is analogous to the fourth metacarpal bone in the hand [1] As the four other metatarsals bones it can be divided into three parts; base, body and ...