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Hand-foot-genital syndrome (HFGS) is characterized by limb malformations and urogenital defects. Mild bilateral shortening of the thumbs and great toes , caused primarily by shortening of the distal phalanx and/or the first metacarpal or metatarsal , is the most common limb malformation and results in impaired dexterity or apposition of the thumbs.
Symptoms may be treated by wearing wider shoes to relieve pressure, or the patient can wear padding around the toes. Surgery is also an option, if the pain and discomfort cannot be treated, or for cosmetic reasons. In this procedure, the short metatarsal is typically cut and a piece of bone is grafted between the two ends.
[10] It is a feature of various rare disorders such as Apert's syndrome, and can occur alongside other isolated congenital hand/foot malformations including syndactyly, cleft hand, metatarsal synostosis, and polydactyly. [11] A syndromic form of syndactyly known as syndactyly type V has metacarpal and metatarsal synostosis as symptoms. [12]
The index metacarpal is the most firmly fixed, while the thumb metacarpal articulates with the trapezium and acts independently from the others. The middle metacarpals are tightly united to the carpus by intrinsic interlocking bone elements at their bases. The ring metacarpal is somewhat more mobile while the fifth metacarpal is semi ...
Metacarpal osteotomy was proposed as a potentially disease modifying surgery for more limited arthrosis, [24] but there is no experimental support for this theory. [ 25 ] There is limited and limited quality evidence regarding splints, corticosteroid injections, manual therapy and other palliative measures.
[3] [5] The third (middle finger) metacarpal head has been reported to be the most common site of necrosis. [6] Though osteonecrosis is a fairly common condition, many cases of avascular necrosis of the metacarpal head go without being diagnosed. This is because presentation of symptoms is variable depending on the patient.
Skeletal defects including split hand/foot (ectrodactyly), shortened middle finger (metacarpal) [3] or scoliosis [17] Manual synkinesis (mirror movements of hands) [3] Missing teeth (hypodontia) [3] Poor balance or coordination due to cerebral ataxia. [8] Eye defects such as coloboma or ptosis. [13] Increased incidence of color-blindness [18] [19]
The Bennett fracture is an oblique intraarticular metacarpal fracture dislocation, caused by an axial force directed against the partially flexed metacarpal. This type of compression along the metacarpal bone is often sustained when a person punches a hard object, such as the skull or tibia of an opponent, or a wall. It can also occur as a ...