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  2. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus...

    The previously mentioned protein A, as well as clumping factor, are surface proteins that allow the bacteria to bind to host cells. [20] [7] S. pseudintermedius has been found to produce biofilms, an extracellular matrix of protein, DNA, and polysaccharide, which aids the bacteria in avoiding the host immune system and resisting drugs. [6]

  3. Environmental DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_DNA

    Extracellular DNA acts as a functional extracellular matrix component in the biofilms of several bacterial species. It may act as a recognition factor to regulate the attachment and dispersal of specific cell types in the biofilm; [ 44 ] it may contribute to biofilm formation; [ 45 ] and it may contribute to the biofilm's physical strength and ...

  4. Extracellular polymeric substance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular_polymeric...

    Bacterial extracellular polymeric substances can aid in bioremediation of heavy metals as they have the capacity to adsorb metal cations, among other dissolved substances. [61] This can be useful in the treatment of wastewater systems, as biofilms are able to bind to and remove metals such as copper, lead, nickel, and cadmium. [61]

  5. Biofilm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm

    [2] [3] These adherent cells become embedded within a slimy extracellular matrix that is composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The cells within the biofilm produce the EPS components, which are typically a polymeric combination of extracellular polysaccharides , proteins , lipids and DNA .

  6. Staphylococcus epidermidis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_epidermidis

    One probable cause is surface proteins that bind blood and extracellular matrix proteins. It produces an extracellular material known as polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), which is made up of sulfated polysaccharides. It allows other bacteria to bind to the already existing biofilm, creating a multilayer biofilm. Such biofilms decrease ...

  7. Interstitial nephritis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_nephritis

    However, a 2013 study showed that the sensitivity and specificity of urine eosinophil testing are 35.6% and 68% respectively. [17] [18] Isosthenuria [19] Blood in the urine and occasional RBC casts [20] Sterile pyuria: white blood cells and no bacteria. About 50% of patients with AIN have pyuria. [21]