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British conservatism refers to a political and philosophical tradition in the United Kingdom that emphasizes the preservation of established institutions, [1] the rule of law, gradual societal change, traditionalism [2] British Unionism, [3] loyalism, euroscepticism, [4] a free market economy, [5] individualism [6] and a strong belief in personal responsibility.
Lord Salisbury's and Arthur Balfour's governments between 1895 and 1906 were given the name of "Unionist". The Conservative Party was also known as the Unionist Party in the early 20th century. In 1909, the Conservative Party was renamed the Conservative and Unionist Party and in May 1912 it formally merged with the Liberal Unionists.
A Tory (/ ˈ t ɔː r i /) is an individual who supports a political philosophy known as Toryism, based on a British version of traditionalist conservatism which upholds the established social order as it has evolved through the history of Great Britain.
Portrait of James, Duke of York by Henri Gascar, 1673. As a political term, Tory was an insult (derived from the Middle Irish word tóraidhe, modern Irish tóraí, meaning "outlaw", "robber", from the Irish word tóir, meaning "pursuit" since outlaws were "pursued men") [9] [10] that entered English politics during the Exclusion Bill crisis of 1678–1681.
The term Tory is much older than the official Conservative Party name, but it has persisted throughout the centuries as the party has evolved.
Phillip Blond, a British political theorist who has had past connections with the Conservative Party, [32] has proposed a renewed version of one-nation conservatism. [33] Theresa May promoted "One Nation" ideas during her successful bid for the Tory leadership in 2016. Previously in 2002 she had highlighted that the party was known as the ...
The Conservative Party is currently the primary opposition party in the United Kingdom. On the political spectrum the party has been described as right-wing [9] by various sources and as centre-right [10] by others, and encompasses various ideological factions including one-nation conservatives, Thatcherites, and traditionalist conservatives.
Party Description Labour Party: A social democratic party that has its roots in the trade union movement. The party has several internal factions, which include: Progressive Britain, which promotes a continuation of New Labour policies and is considered to be on the right of the party; the soft-left Open Labour; Momentum, which represents the party's left-wing, democratic socialist grouping ...