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The SOS response was articulated by Evelyn Witkin. [3] [4] Later, by characterizing the phenotypes of mutagenised E. coli, she and post doctoral student Miroslav Radman detailed the SOS response to UV radiation in bacteria. [3] [5] The SOS response to DNA damage was a seminal discovery because it was the first coordinated stress response to be ...
The stress response in bacteria involves a complex network of elements that counteracts the external stimulus. Bacteria can react simultaneously to a variety of stresses and the various stress response systems interact (cross-talk) with each other. A complex network of global regulatory systems leads to a coordinated and effective response.
RpoS is a central regulator of the general stress response and operates in both a retroactive and a proactive manner: it not only allows the cell to survive environmental challenges, but it also prepares the cell for subsequent stresses (cross-protection). [3]
Escherichia coli bacterium, 2021, Illustration by David S. Goodsell, RCSB Protein Data Bank This painting shows a cross-section through an Escherichia coli cell. The characteristic two-membrane cell wall of gram-negative bacteria is shown in green, with many lipopolysaccharide chains extending from the surface and a network of cross-linked ...
Under severe stress conditions the bacteria Escherichia coli protects its DNA from damage by sequestering it within a crystalline structure. [2] This process is mediated by the stress response protein Dps and allows the bacteria to survive varied assaults such as oxidative stress, heat shock, ultraviolet light, gamma radiation and extremes of pH.
Overview of the use of the SOS response for genotoxicity testing. The SOS chromotest is a biological assay to assess the genotoxic potential of chemical compounds. The test is a colorimetric assay which measures the expression of genes induced by genotoxic agents in Escherichia coli, by means of a fusion with the structural gene for β-galactosidase.
The stringent response, also called stringent control, is a stress response of bacteria and plant chloroplasts in reaction to amino-acid starvation, [1] fatty acid limitation, [2] iron limitation, [3] heat shock [4] and other stress conditions and growth processes. [5]
Filamentation is often a consequence of environmental stress. It has been observed in response to temperature shocks, [16] low water availability, [17] high osmolarity, [18] extreme pH, [19] and UV exposure. [20] UV light damages bacterial DNA and induces filamentation via the SOS response. [3] [21] Starvation can also cause bacterial ...