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One Tithi equals 12 degree difference between Moon and Sun. Nakshatram - EM of asterism of the day, that is, the stellar mansion in which Moon is located for an observer at the center of the Earth. One Nakshatra equals 13 degrees:20 minutes. There are 27 Nakshatra in 360 degrees.
The two calendars most widely used today are the Vikrama calendar, which is in followed in western and northern India and Nepal, the Shalivahana Shaka calendar which is followed in the Deccan region of India (Comprising present day Indian states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Goa).
A ṛtu (Sanskrit: ऋतु) [note 5] is the time taken by the Sun to move sixty degrees on its orbit around the Earth. [note 6] Ṛtu corresponds to the concept of a season. The six ṛtu of the year are known as Śiśira ṛtu (winter) Vasanta ṛtu (spring) Grīṣma ṛtu (summer) Varṣā ṛtu the monsoon season, beginning at summer solstice
The 27 Nakshatras cover 13°20’ of the ecliptic each. Each Nakshatra is also divided into quarters or padas of 3°20’, and the below table lists the appropriate starting sound to name the child.
The astronomical basis of the Hindu lunar day. In Vedic timekeeping, a tithi is a "duration of two faces of moon that is observed from earth", known as milа̄lyа̄ (Newar: 𑐩𑐶𑐮𑐵𑐮𑑂𑐫𑐵𑑅, मिलाल्याः) in Nepal Bhasa, [1] or the time it takes for the longitudinal angle between the Moon and the Sun to increase by 12°.
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In Hindu astronomy, there was an older tradition of 28 Nakshatras which were used as celestial markers in the heavens. When these were mapped into equal divisions of the ecliptic, a division of 27 portions was adopted since that resulted in a clearer definition of each portion (i.e. segment) subtending 13° 20′ (as opposed to 12° 51 + 3 ⁄ 7 ′ in the case of 28 segments).
The sines are given for 15 degree intervals and the declination of points on the ecliptic for five degree intervals. The methods of computing the circumstances of the eclipses and the Mahāpāta-s are rough and can only give results not very accurate." These inaccuracies are of course fully reflected in the Vākyapañcāṅga-s.