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Modern historians estimate that during this period, known as the Diocletianic or Great Persecution and extending several years beyond the reign of Diocletian, as many as 3,000−3,500 Christians were executed under the authority of Imperial edicts. [1]
According to the Acts of the Apostles, ... One early account of a mass killing is the persecution in Lyon ... [98] many were executed under the Islamic death ...
Sophie Scholl, 1921-1943, a devout Lutheran executed by the Nazis for her anti-Nazi activism; Maria Restituta Kafka, 1943; Józef and Wiktoria Ulma with seven children, 1944; Giuseppe Beotti, 1944; Anna Kolesárová, 1944; Dusty Miller, 1945, a Methodist layman killed in a World War II Japanese administered POW camp in Thailand; Marcel Callo, 1945
A. N. Sherwin-White records that serious discussion of the reasons for Roman persecution of Christians began in 1890 when it produced "20 years of controversy" and three main opinions: first, there was the theory held by most French and Belgian scholars that "there was a general enactment, precisely formulated and valid for the whole empire, which forbade the practice of the Christian religion.
Christians were obstinate in their non-compliance. Church leaders, like Fabian, bishop of Rome, and Babylas, bishop of Antioch, were arrested, tried and executed, [30] as were certain members of the Christian laity, like Pionius of Smyrna. [31] [notes 3] Origen was tortured during the persecution and died about a year after from the resulting ...
None were executed for purely religious reasons although individual missionaries were banned, detained and flogged for breach of the peace. According to Hare, the numerous New Testament references to persecution reflect early Christian expectations of persecution based perhaps on the pre-Christian "conviction that the Jews had always persecuted ...
Many Christian martyrs were executed under the Islamic death penalty for defending their Christian faith through dramatic acts of resistance such as refusing to convert to Islam, repudiation of the Islamic religion and subsequent reconversion to Christianity, and blasphemy toward Muslim beliefs. [36]
Protestants were executed in England under heresy laws during the reigns of Henry VIII (1509–1547) and Mary I (1553–1558), and in smaller numbers during the reigns of Edward VI (1547–1553), Elizabeth I (1558–1603), and James I (1603–1625). Most were executed in the short reign of Mary I in what is called the Marian persecutions.