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In neuroanatomy, a sulcus (Latin: "furrow"; pl.: sulci) is a shallow depression or groove in the cerebral cortex.One or more sulci surround a gyrus (pl. gyri), a ridge on the surface of the cortex, creating the characteristic folded appearance of the brain in humans and most other mammals.
In neuroanatomy, a gyrus (pl.: gyri) is a ridge on the cerebral cortex. It is generally surrounded by one or more sulci (depressions or furrows; sg. : sulcus ). [ 1 ] Gyri and sulci create the folded appearance of the brain in humans and other mammals .
Specifically, different patterns appear in the superior frontal sulcus, Sylvian fissure, inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and olfactory sulci. [45] These areas relate to working memory, emotional processing, language, and eye gaze, [ 46 ] and their difference in location and level of gyrification when compared to a non-autistic ...
Apart from minimising brain and cranial volume, cortical folding is crucial for the brain circuitry and its functional organisation. [4] In mammals with small brains, there is no folding and the cortex is smooth. [5] [6] A fold or ridge in the cortex is termed a gyrus (plural gyri) and a groove is termed a sulcus (plural sulci).
A gyrus is an outward folding of the brain, for example the precentral gyrus. A sulcus is an inward fold, or valley in the brain's surface - for example the central sulcus. Additional terms used to describe these may include: Annectent gyrus, for a small gyrus hidden in the depth of a sulcus; sulcal fundus, for the bottom of a sulcus, an inward ...
Diagram of gyri of brain viewed on lateral hemisphere. Occipital gyri shown lower right. The border between the occipital lobe and the parietal and temporal lobes is characterized by different gyri: the superior occipital gyrus (also known as gyrus occipitalis superior), middle occipital gyrus (or gyrus occipitalis medius), inferior occipital gyrus (or gyrus occipitalis inferior), and ...
There is a region of the central sulcus, called the “hand knob”, which is a notch in the area of the hand motor region. The position of this “knob” can be indicative as well of someone's handedness. [11] As motor functions develop, it is expected that the shape of the central sulcus will change.
There are many cisterns in the brain with several large ones noted with their own name. At the base of the spinal cord is another subarachnoid cistern: the lumbar cistern which is the site for a lumbar puncture. Some major subarachnoid cisterns: Cisterna magna also called cerebellomedullary cistern - the largest of the subarachnoid cisterns.