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The Gour kingdom was one of the greater of the many petty kingdoms of the medieval Sylhet region. According to legend, it was founded by Gurak, off-shooting from Kamarupa's Jaintia kingdom in 630. Much of its early history is considered legendary or mythological up until Navagirvana who is mentioned in the Bhatera copper-plate inscriptions.
During the seventh century, the Gauda Kingdom was founded by King Shashanka, whose reign corresponds with the beginning of the Bengali calendar. [3] Gour gradually became synonymous with Bengal and Bengalis. It was conquered by Bakhtiyar Khalji, a lieutenant of the Ghurid ruler Muhammad of Ghori in 1203.
The Gour Kingdom during his reign became so powerful to such an extent that it was described to be "free of enemies". [2] Govinda would carry on the tradition of using stones (shila) to guard the capital; from which the name of Shilhot came into existence. [10] Govinda's kingdom bordered Bengal to the west which was ruled by the Muslim Balban ...
Garuda was born in the Gour royal palace to Raja Govardhan and Apurna. He was to next-in-line to rule over the Gour Kingdom. Garuda was just a baby in 1260 AD, when a battle took place between Govardhan and the tribal rebels consisting of the Nagas, Kukis, Pnars, Khasis and Kacharis. Govardhan was killed in this battle.
By 605 C.E. following Mahasenagupta's death, Shashanka had established what became known as the Gauda kingdom. From there, he issued gold coins to celebrate his triumph, and came to be addressed as Maharajadhiraja (king of great kings). According to some sources the city of Gauda was founded by King Shankaladeva.
The Jaintia Kingdom, north of Gour, attempted to invade and annex Gour to its kingdom. The various indigenous tribes including the Pnar, the Khasis, the Kacharis, the Kukis and the Nagas joined forces in attacking Bengali-dominated Gour. Gour was being attacked from both directions and had no support from neighbouring states.
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Hari Singh Gour (1870-1949), Indian lawyer, educator, and writer; Joseph-Omer Gour (1893-1959), Canadian politician; Rimstone, a cave formation; Gour Kingdom, an ancient kingdom based in Sylhet, Bangladesh Gour, capital of Gour Kingdom situated in Malda district, West Bengal, India; Gour Govinda (r. 1260-1303), the final ruler of Gauda Kingdom