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It is not certain what causes this pain, but researchers have proposed that the small numerous stones seen in MSK may cause obstruction of the small tubules and collecting ducts in the kidney. This pain can be constant, can often be debilitating and treatment is challenging. Narcotic medication, even in large quantities, is sometimes not adequate.
The metanephrogenic blastema or metanephric blastema (or metanephric mesenchyme, or metanephric mesoderm) is one of the two embryological structures that give rise to the kidney, the other being the ureteric bud. The metanephric blastema mostly develops into nephrons, but can also form parts of the collecting duct system.
The cause of acute kidney injury in most cases is ischemic or toxic injury. Mammalian kidneys are susceptible to ischemic injury because mammals lack a renal-portal system , and as a result, vascular vasoconstriction in the glomeruli can lead to decreased blood supply to the entire kidney.
The different colors indicate embryologic origin of structure: a) red = metanephric duct , b) yellow = urogenital sinus (bladder and urethra), c) blue = Wolffian duct (Gartner's ducts in female, seminal vesicles and vasa deferentia in male), pink = Müllerian ducts (vagina in female, prostatic utricle in male), green = hindgut .
During the fifth week of gestation, the mesonephric duct develops an outpouching, the ureteric bud, near its attachment to the cloaca. This bud, also called the metanephrogenic diverticulum, grows posteriorly and towards the head of the embryo. The elongated stalk of the ureteric bud, called the metanephric duct, later forms the ureter.
One cause of this can be increased renin production due to narrowing of the renal artery, or a juxtaglomerular cell tumor that produces renin. These will lead to secondary hyperaldosteronism, which will cause hypertension, high blood sodium, low blood potassium, and metabolic alkalosis. [citation needed]
Metanephric adenoma (MA) is a rare, benign tumour of the kidney, that can have a microscopic appearance similar to a nephroblastoma (Wilms tumours), [1] or a papillary renal cell carcinoma. It should not be confused with the pathologically unrelated, yet similar sounding, mesonephric adenoma .
Treatment, depending on cause, may require prompt drainage of the bladder via catheterization, medical instrumentation, surgery (e.g., endoscopy, lithotripsy), hormonal therapy, or a combination of these modalities. [citation needed] Treatment of the obstruction at the level of the ureter: Open surgery. Less invasive treatment: laparoscopic ...