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Rhythmic movement disorder (RMD) is a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive movements of large muscle groups immediately before and during sleep often involving the head and neck. It was independently described first in 1905 by Zappert as jactatio capitis nocturna and by Cruchet as rhythmie du sommeil . [ 1 ]
Retrocollis is the extension of the neck (head tilts back) and uses the following muscles for movement: bilateral splenius, bilateral upper trapezius, bilateral deep posterior paravertebrals. This is the "chin-in-the-air" version. A combination of these head positions is common; many patients experience turning and tilting actions of the head. [10]
Torticollis is a fixed or dynamic tilt, rotation, with flexion or extension of the head and/or neck. The type of torticollis can be described depending on the positions of the head and neck. [1] [3] [4] laterocollis: the head is tipped toward the shoulder; rotational torticollis: the head rotates along the longitudinal axis towards the shoulder [5]
Patients with vestibular disorders may go through the Dix-Hallpike maneuver, in which the patient is seated with legs extended and rotates the head 45 degrees. The patient is then asked to lie down on the table and checked for nystagmus , or uncontrollable eye movements.
A coat hanger. The hanger reflex is a human reflex.When the head is circled with a tight-fitting and stretched clothes hanger, the hanger compresses the frontotemporal region and the head involuntarily rotates toward the side compressed in front.
The obliquus capitis inferior muscle (/ ə ˈ b l aɪ k w ə s ˈ k æ p ɪ t ɪ s /) is a muscle in the upper back of the neck.It is one of the suboccipital muscles.Its inferior attachment is at the spinous process of the axis; its superior attachment is at the transverse process of the atlas.
In a position bowed backwards, the patient turns his head for several times maximally from the left to the right and from the right to the left within a time period of 20 seconds. (Phase IV) After a total time period of 60 seconds, the patient returns into a straight position.
The splenius capitis (/ ˈ s p l iː n i ə s ˈ k æ p ɪ t ɪ s /) (from Greek splēníon 'bandage' and Latin caput 'head' [1] [2]) is a broad, straplike muscle in the back of the neck. It pulls on the base of the skull from the vertebrae in the neck and upper thorax. It is involved in movements such as shaking the head.