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Skin friction drag is caused by the viscosity of fluids and is developed from laminar drag to turbulent drag as a fluid moves on the surface of an object. Skin friction drag is generally expressed in terms of the Reynolds number , which is the ratio between inertial force and viscous force.
Drag coefficients in fluids with Reynolds number approximately 10 4 [1] [2] Shapes are depicted with the same projected frontal area. In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: , or ) is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water.
Parasitic drag, also known as profile drag, [1]: 254 [2]: 256 is a type of aerodynamic drag that acts on any object when the object is moving through a fluid. Parasitic drag is defined as the combination of form drag and skin friction drag. [3] [1]: 641–642 [4]: 19
(Main article: Skin friction drag) In a viscous fluid, a boundary layer is formed. This causes a net drag due to friction. This causes a net drag due to friction. The boundary layer undergoes shear at different rates extending from the hull surface until it reaches the field flow of the water.
Fluid friction describes the friction between layers of a viscous fluid that are moving relative to each other. [7] [8] Lubricated friction is a case of fluid friction where a lubricant fluid separates two solid surfaces. [9] [10] [11] Skin friction is a component of drag, the force resisting the motion of a fluid across the surface of a body.
Drag is a dissipative process which generally results in the generation of heat. In sea water, drag can be decomposed into two different forms: skin friction and pressure drag. Skin friction: just like other frictional forces, skin friction is a consequence of the relative movement between the surface of the organisms and its fluid environment.
is the drag coefficient – a dimensionless coefficient related to the object's geometry and taking into account both skin friction and form drag. If the fluid is a liquid, c d {\displaystyle c_{\rm {d}}} depends on the Reynolds number ; if the fluid is a gas, c d {\displaystyle c_{\rm {d}}} depends on both the Reynolds number and the Mach number .
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