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Sinar Mas was founded by a Chinese Indonesian tycoon, Eka Tjipta Widjaja. Sinar Mas businesses operate in different sectors such as pulp & paper, real estate, financial services, agribusiness, telecommunications, and mining. The businesses are listed in the Indonesian and Singapore stock exchanges.
Yang di-Pertua Negeri functions as the head of state in a parliamentary democracy. Their discretionary roles include appointing the head of government , the chief minister (Malay: Ketua Menteri) or premier, who is usually the leader of the party with a majority in the state legislature , and withholding consent to dissolve the state legislature.
Yang di-Pertua Negeri (YDPN) is not a royal title, but the title of 'The Head of the State' (the 'Supreme Head') for the state of Penang, Melaka, Sabah, and Sarawak, which do not have hereditary rulers. Yang di-Pertua Negeri is installed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. The title is sometimes translated as 'Governor' in English.
In December 1976, Indah Kiat was formed as a joint venture between CV Berkat (an Indonesian company), Chung Hwa Pulp Corporation, and Yuen Foong Yu Paper Manufacturing Company. Sinar Mas acquired 67 per cent of the venture's total shares. [3] Tjiwi Kimia was listed on the Jakarta and Surabaya Stock Exchanges beginning in 1990.
Widjaja was born Oei Ek Tjhong (c. 1921 [a] –2019, born in Quanzhou, China as Oei Ėk-Tjhong) [7] He was the son of a Celebes-based trader. [8]Around 1930, he and his mother moved to Indonesia–then the Dutch East Indies–to join his father who had already settled in Makassar, Sulawesi, and he started helping his father to run a small shop.
National Hero of Indonesia (Indonesian: Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia) is the highest-level title awarded in Indonesia. [1] It is posthumously given by the Government of Indonesia for actions which are deemed to be heroic, defined as "actual deeds which can be remembered and exemplified for all time by other citizens" [a] or "extraordinary service furthering the interests of the state and people".
The Governor of Sarawak [1] (Malay: Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak) is the ceremonial head of state of Sarawak, Malaysia. [2] The Yang di-Pertua Negeri is styled Tuan Yang Terutama (lit. ' His Excellency '). The official residence of the governor is The Astana, located on the north bank of the Sarawak River in Kuching. [3]
Other historical figures, especially the monarchs of the ancient Johor Empire (c. 17th–19th century), had the title used to differentiate from the "Yang di-Pertuan Muda" ("Under King"), who was usually Bugis rather than Malay. However, this was a secondary title, with the primary title being sultan.