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Daphnia is a genus of small planktonic crustaceans, 0.2–6.0 mm (0.01–0.24 in) in length. Daphnia are members of the order Anomopoda, and are one of the several small aquatic crustaceans commonly called water fleas because their saltatory swimming style resembles the movements of fleas.
In this reproductive system, individuals can alternate between sexual and parthenogenetic reproduction. When reproducing parthenogenetically, diploid asexual embryos fully develop in the brood chamber of mature female daphnias, and are then directly released in the environment.
Daphnia magna is a key species in many lentic habitats. It can be found in lakes and shallow ponds rich in organic matter sediment. [6] Numerous natural predators are known and can lead to plastic phenotypic responses. In the presence of kairomones, Daphnia spp. develop conspicuous protective structures as an elongated spine and a large body ...
The switch between sexuality and parthenogenesis in such species may be triggered by the season (aphid, some gall wasps), or by a lack of males or by conditions that favour rapid population growth (rotifers and cladocerans like Daphnia). In these species asexual reproduction occurs either in summer (aphids) or as long as conditions are favourable.
Ephippia (singular: ephippium) are winter or dry-season eggs of the various species of small crustacean in the order Cladocera (within the Branchiopoda); they are provided with an extra shell layer, [1] which preserves and protects the resting stages inside from harsh environmental conditions until the more favorable times, such as spring, when ...
Like all Daphnia species, D. longispina is a filter feeder, collecting particles of about 2 to 40 μm suspended in the water. [5] The main food are green algae. At 20 °C maturity is reached within about 6 to 12 days, followed by a period of regular reproduction in about 3-4 day intervals.
Daphnia pulicaria is a species of freshwater crustaceans found within the genus of Daphnia, which are often called "water fleas," and they are commonly used as model organisms for scientific research. [1] Like other species of Daphnia, they reproduce via cyclic parthenogenesis. [2]
Daphnia lumholtzi is a species of small, invasive water fleas that originates in the tropical and subtropical lakes of Africa, Asia, and Australia. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] As an invasive species , Daphnia lumholtzi disrupts aquatic habitats by spreading throughout the warmer waters of lakes and reservoirs.