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Mitragynine is an indole-based alkaloid and is one of the main psychoactive constituents in the Southeast Asian plant Mitragyna speciosa, commonly known as kratom. [4] It is an opioid that is typically consumed as a part of kratom for its pain-relieving and euphoric effects.
7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH) is a terpenoid indole alkaloid from the plant Mitragyna speciosa, commonly known as kratom. [2] It was first described in 1994 [3] and is a human metabolite metabolized from mitragynine present in the Mitragyna speciosa. 7-OH binds to opioid receptors like mitragynine, but research suggests that 7-OH binds with greater efficacy.
Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl is a μ-opioid receptor agonist and δ-opioid receptor antagonist.It is a G protein biased agonist at the μ-opioid receptor, which may be responsible for its favorable side effect profile compared to conventional opioids. [3]
Mitragyna speciosa is a tropical evergreen tree of the Rubiaceae family (coffee family) native to Southeast Asia. [3] It is indigenous to Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Papua New Guinea, [4] where its leaves, known as kratom, have been used in herbal medicine since at least the 19th century. [5]
Deuterated mitragynine (developmental code name KUR-101) is an atypical μ-opioid receptor agonist and deuterated analogue of mitragynine (found in kratom) which is under development for the treatment of acute pain and opioid-related disorders. [2] [3] [1] [4] [5] It is taken by mouth. [1] [2] Deumitragynine is said to have analgesic effects. [4]
It is a stereoisomer of Mitragynine and constitutes 0.00156 - 2.9% of the dried leaf material. [2] [3] Pharmacology. Pharmacodynamics.
Mitraphylline, an oxindole derivative, is an active alkaloid in the leaves of the tree Mitragyna speciosa, commonly known as kratom. [1] As a non-narcotic constituent, it also occurs to a significant amount in the bark of Uncaria tomentosa (Cat's Claw) along with a number of isomeric alkaloids.
Psychoactive plants include, but are not limited to, the following examples: Cannabis: cannabinoids; Tobacco: nicotine, anabasine, and other Nicotinic agonists, as well as beta-carboline alkaloids