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Young toddlers (12 months) have a wider midfoot than older toddlers (24 months). The foot will develop greater contact area during walking. Maximum force of the foot will increase. Peak pressure of the foot increases. Force-time integral increases in all except the midfoot. The lateral toes did not show a pattern in development of walking.
By 13 to 18 months, toddlers can move up and down steps and carry toys. Once they reach the top of the stairs though, they are not able to get back down. They also begin to move from one position to another more smoothly. (Oswalt) Significant changes in gait patterns are also observed in the second year.
The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (version 4 was released September 2019) is a standard series of measurements originally developed by psychologist Nancy Bayley used primarily to assess the development of infants and toddlers, ages 1–42 months. [1]
A toddler's first word often occurs around 12 months, but this is only an average. [23] The child will then continue to steadily add to his or her vocabulary until around the age of 18 months when language increases rapidly. He or she may learn as many as 7–9 new words a day. Around this time, toddlers generally know about 50 words.
In 2013, child marriage rates of female children under the age of 18 reached 75% in Niger, 68% in Central African Republic and Chad, 66% in Bangladesh, and 47% in India. [75] According to a 2019 UNICEF report on child marriage, 37% of females were married before the age of 18 in sub-Saharan Africa, followed by South Asia at 30%.
The way to measure a baby's length is to lay the baby down and stretch a measuring tape from the top of the head to the bottom of the heel. Weight In developed countries, the average birth weight of a full-term newborn is approximately 3.4 kg ( 7 + 1 ⁄ 2 lb), and is typically in the range of 2.7–4.6 kg (6.0–10.1 lb).