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The distribution of Batak languages in northern Sumatra. Toba Batak is the majority language in the blue-colored areas labeled with its ISO 639-3 code "bbc". A Toba Batak speaker. Toba Batak (/ ˈ t oʊ b ə ˈ b æ t ə k / [2]) is an Austronesian language spoken in North Sumatra province in Indonesia. It is part of a group of languages called ...
These interior regions of Sumatra were still largely unknown to westerners at that time, so it was left to Van der Tuuk to decide which Batak language to research with a view to translating the Bible into it. In the end, he opted for Toba Batak. Van der Tuuk reached Java in 1849.
Mandailing, Toba and Angkola are related to each other and mutually intelligible. Karo languages are mutually intelligible with other Northern Batak languages named Alas – Kluet language's in the southern part of Aceh, and are also partially mutually intelligible with Pakpak and Singkil.
1. Constituent order: "Toba Batak" vs. Batak Toba. In English grammar, adjectives and similar qualifiying modifiers generally precede the head. This also applies to regional or sub-ethnic specifications to a broader cover term. Undisputed examples for this are "Jambi Malay" or "Cirebon Javanese".
A Batak Toba man from Samosir with a hoe over his shoulders, pre-1939. The Toba Batak people (Batak Toba: ᯅᯖᯂ᯲ ᯖᯬᯅ) are the largest ethnic group of the Batak peoples of North Sumatra, Indonesia. The general term ‘Batak’ is sometimes used to refer to the Batak Toba people, for one thing because the Toba people are the largest ...
The Batak script (natively known as Surat Batak, Surat na Sampulu Sia (lit. ' the nineteen letters ' ), or Sisiasia ) is a writing system used to write the Austronesian Batak languages spoken by several million people on the Indonesian island of Sumatra .
Batak people in different areas cultivated either sawah (wet rice fields) or ladang (dry rice), and the Toba Batak, most expert in agriculture, must have migrated to meet demand in new areas. The increasing importance of rice had religious significance, which increased the power of the Batak high priests, who had responsibility for ensuring ...
VOS occurs in many languages, including Austronesian languages (such as Malagasy, Old Javanese, Toba Batak, Dusun, and Fijian), Mayan languages (such as Kaqchikel and Tzotzil), and even Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, the last of which has a very free word order with inversions. In Hadza, the default order is VSO, but VOS is very common as well. [5]