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A vacuum chamber is a rigid enclosure from which air and other gases are removed by a vacuum pump. This results in a low- pressure environment within the chamber, commonly referred to as a vacuum . A vacuum environment allows researchers to conduct physical experiments or to test mechanical devices which must operate in outer space (for example ...
The Long Duration Exposure Facility was used to test various materials in vacuum. Materials for use in vacuum are materials that show very low rates of outgassing in vacuum and, where applicable, are tolerant to bake-out temperatures. The requirements grow increasingly stringent with the desired degree of vacuum to be achieved in the vacuum ...
The main components of a vacuum sewer system are a collection chambers and vacuum valve parts, sewers, a central vacuum station and monitoring and control components. Some vacuum systems have vacuum toilets which are connected directly to a vacuum line, which requires less water for flushing (less than a quarter of a liter per flush). [4]
Physical vapor deposition (PVD), sometimes called physical vapor transport (PVT), describes a variety of vacuum deposition methods which can be used to produce thin films and coatings on substrates including metals, ceramics, glass, and polymers. PVD is characterized by a process in which the material transitions from a condensed phase to a ...
A vacuum flange is a flange at the end of a tube used to connect vacuum chambers, tubing and vacuum pumps to each other. Vacuum flanges are used for scientific and industrial applications to allow various pieces of equipment to interact via physical connections and for vacuum maintenance, monitoring, and manipulation from outside a vacuum's chamber.
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Regeneration of a cryopump is the process of evaporating the trapped gases. During a regeneration cycle, the cryopump is warmed to room temperature or higher, allowing trapped gases to change from a solid state to a gaseous state and thereby be released from the cryopump through a pressure relief valve into the atmosphere.
In its initial years, Edwards Vacuum imported vacuum equipment from Germany's Leybold. [2] [3] A freeze-drying method using vacuum chambers was patented in the 1930s. During World War II, the technology was further perfected and expanded to freeze-dry instant coffee, but also blood plasma and penicillin.