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This damage disrupts stomach muscle functions by interfering with normal nerve-to-stomach communication pathways. 2. Post-surgical complications: Surgeries involving the stomach or intestines can ...
These drugs are among the most widely sold drugs in the world, and are generally considered effective. [3] When these medications are used long term, the lowest effective dose should be taken. [4] They may also be taken only when symptoms occur in those with frequent problems. [5] Proton-pump inhibitors are named using the suffix "-prazole".
COX-1 is a constitutively expressed enzyme with a "house-keeping" role in regulating many normal physiological processes. One of these is in the stomach lining, where prostaglandins serve a protective role, preventing the stomach mucosa from being eroded by its own acid. COX-2 is an enzyme facultatively expressed in inflammation, and it is ...
Prostaglandin inhibitors are drugs that inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin in human body. [1] There are various types of prostaglandins responsible for different physiological reactions such as maintaining the blood flow in stomach and kidney, regulating the contraction of involuntary muscles and blood vessels, and act as a mediator of inflammation and pain.
A gastric cytoprotectant is any medication that combats ulcers not by reducing gastric acid but by increasing mucosal protection. [ citation needed ] Examples of gastric cytoprotective agents include prostaglandins which protect the stomach mucosa against injury by increasing gastric mucus secretion.
The gastric mucosal barrier is the property of the stomach that allows it to safely contain the gastric acid required for digestion. If the barrier is broken, as by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) in acid solution, acid diffuses back into the mucosa where it can cause damage to the stomach itself.
The buccal mucosa, along with the gingival and sublingual mucosa, is part of the oral mucosa. [15] It is composed of non-keratinised tissue. Unlike intestinal and nasal mucosae, it lacks tight junctions and is instead equipped with loose intercellular links of desmosomes , gap junctions and hemidesmosomes . [ 7 ]
A new study has suggested that damage to the upper gastrointestinal tract from conditions such as reflux, peptic ulcers, and prolonged use of NSAIDS may increase Parkinson’s risk by 76%.