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A thermodynamic datafile is a set of equation parameters from which the numerical data values can be calculated. Tables and datafiles are usually presented at a standard pressure of 1 bar or 1 atm, but in the case of steam and other industrially important gases, pressure may be included as a variable.
Superheated steam was widely used in main line steam locomotives. Saturated steam has three main disadvantages in a steam engine: it contains small droplets of water which have to be periodically drained from the cylinders; being precisely at the boiling point of water for the boiler pressure in use, it inevitably condenses to some extent in the steam pipes and cylinders outside the boiler ...
The water comes (8), and goes into pipes (9). Warmed by the combustion of the fuel (came in 3), steam bubbles forming in these pipes, and arrives in the drum (7). Then steam goes (through 6) in smaller pipes (10) and being superheated here. At last, superheated steam goes to engine room (5).
A high-pressure steam locomotive is a steam locomotive with a boiler that operates at pressures well above what would be considered normal for other locomotives. Most locomotives operate with a steam pressure of 200 to 300 psi (1.38 to 2.07 MPa). [1] In the later years of steam, boiler pressures were typically 200 to 250 psi (1.38 to 1.72 MPa).
[1] [2] Superheaters increase the thermal efficiency of the steam engine, and have been widely adopted. Steam which has been superheated is known as superheated steam, and non-superheated steam is called saturated steam or wet steam. From the early 20th century, superheaters were applied to many steam locomotives, to most steam vehicles, and to ...
Some superheater-fitted engines did not perform as well as was expected, entirely due to a misunderstanding of the needs of a superheated engine [5] By the mid-1920s, designers understood that superheating, large fire-spaces and a good boiler capacity were the key to successful locomotives.
An enthalpy–entropy chart, also known as the H–S chart or Mollier diagram, plots the total heat against entropy, [1] describing the enthalpy of a thermodynamic system. [2] A typical chart covers a pressure range of 0.01–1000 bar , and temperatures up to 800 degrees Celsius . [ 3 ]
Generally the Division 2 rules are more onerous than in Division 1 with respect to materials, design and nondestructive examinations but higher design stress intensity values are allowed. [17] Division 2 has also provisions for the use of finite element analysis to determine expected stress in pressure equipment, in addition to the traditional ...