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The magnetocaloric effect can be quantified with the following equation: = ((,)) ((,)) where is the adiabatic change in temperature of the magnetic system around temperature T, H is the applied external magnetic field, C is the heat capacity of the working magnet (refrigerant) and M is the magnetization of the refrigerant.
Assuming the external magnetic field is uniform and shares a common axis with the paramagnet, the extensive parameter characterizing the magnetic state is , the magnetic dipole moment of the system. The fundamental thermodynamic relation describing the system will then be of the form U = U ( S , V , I , N ) {\displaystyle U=U(S,V,I,N)} .
The elastocaloric effect is part of a broader category of caloric effects that can be utilized for solid-state cooling technologies. Other notable caloric effects include: Magnetocaloric effect (MCE): This effect involves a temperature change in a material due to a change in magnetic field. It is based on the magnetocaloric materials' ability ...
Magnetic refrigeration, or adiabatic demagnetization, is a cooling technology based on the magnetocaloric effect, an intrinsic property of magnetic solids. The refrigerant is often a paramagnetic salt, such as cerium magnesium nitrate. The active magnetic dipoles in this case are those of the electron shells of the paramagnetic atoms.
The refrigeration requirements here is defined as electrical power to operate the refrigeration system. As the stored energy increases by a factor of 100, refrigeration cost only goes up by a factor of 20. Also, the savings in refrigeration for an HTSC system is larger (by 60% to 70%) than for an LTSC systems.
In 2006, researchers discovered a giant electrocaloric effect in 350 nm thin-film PbZr₀.₉₅Ti₀.₀₅O₃ (PZT), generating a notable 12 K temperature change near 220 o C. [4] The device structure consisted of a thin film (PZT) on top of a much thicker substrate, but the figure of 12 K represents the cooling of the thin film only.
adiabatic demagnetization or magnetocaloric effect--> leads to magnetic refrigeration; The Dream of Ossian (accept logical equivalents) --> Lifelike, alabaster statues are scattered along the back of this Ingres work, whose red-caped title figure sits crouched down over a harp in the foreground.
Instead, they use the hot exhaust directly as the working fluid. In the case of a coal plant, the exhaust is directed through a nozzle that increases its velocity, essentially a rocket nozzle, and then directs it through a magnetic system that directly generates electricity. In a conventional generator, rotating magnets move past a material ...