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The Book of Deer (Scottish Gaelic: Leabhar Dhèir) (Cambridge University Library, MS. Ii.6.32) is a 10th-century Latin Gospel Book with early 12th-century additions in Latin, Old Irish and Scottish Gaelic. It contains the earliest surviving Gaelic writing from Scotland.
The lack of a well-known translation until the late 18th century may have contributed to the decline of Scottish Gaelic. [35] In the 21st century, Scottish Gaelic literature has seen development within the area of prose fiction publication, as well as challenges due to the continuing decline of the language [37] (see below).
9/10th century, with later additions Gospelbook of the 9/10th century, with 12th-century additions in Scottish Gaelic. [2] Images Archived 2012-07-16 at the Wayback Machine: Chatsworth Book of Lismore: c. 1500 Mainly religious texts. [2] Dublin, National Library of Ireland: G 1 (olim Phillipps 4169) 16th century
The 10th-century Book of Deer contains the oldest known text from Scotland that contains distincly Scottish Gaelic forms, here seen in the margins of a page from the Gospel of Matthew. Gaelic shares with other Celtic languages a number of interesting typological features: [ 1 ]
Early Gaelic law tracts, first written down in the ninth century, reveal a society highly concerned with kinship, status, honour and the regulation of blood feuds. Scottish common law began to take shape at the end of the period, assimilating Gaelic and Celtic law with practices from Anglo-Norman England and the Continent. [106]
The Gaelic languages have been in steep decline since the beginning of the 19th century, when they were majority languages of Ireland and the Scottish Highlands; today they are endangered languages. [ 90 ] [ 91 ] As far back as the Statutes of Kilkenny in 1366, the English government had dissuaded use of Gaelic for political reasons. [ 92 ]
Middle Irish, also called Middle Gaelic [1] (Irish: An Mheán-Ghaeilge, Scottish Gaelic: Meadhan-Ghàidhlig), [2] is the Goidelic language which was spoken in Ireland, most of Scotland and the Isle of Man from c. 900–1200 AD; it is therefore a contemporary of Late Old English and Early Middle English.
Gaelic literature (Irish: Litríocht na Gaeilge; Scottish Gaelic: Litreachas na Gàidhlig) is literature in the vernacular Gaelic languages of Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man. Gaelic literature is recognised as the third oldest literature tradition [ 1 ] of Europe , behind only Latin literature and Greek literature : literature has been ...