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Active vocabulary (also called productive vocabulary) Vocabulary that students actually use in speaking and writing. Active Related to student engagement and participation. For example, listening is perceived to be a passive skill, but is actually active because it involves students in decoding meaning. Alphabet
In cultural anthropology and cultural geography, cultural diffusion, as conceptualized by Leo Frobenius in his 1897/98 publication Der westafrikanische Kulturkreis, is the spread of cultural items—such as ideas, styles, religions, technologies, languages—between individuals, whether within a single culture or from one culture to another.
The term linguistic performance was used by Noam Chomsky in 1960 to describe "the actual use of language in concrete situations". [1] It is used to describe both the production, sometimes called parole, as well as the comprehension of language. [2]
Spreading (/ ˈ s p r iː d ɪ ŋ /; a blend of "speed" and "reading") [1] is the act of speaking extremely fast during a competitive debating event, with the intent that one's opponent will be penalized for failing to respond to all arguments raised.
an awareness that language has the potential to go beyond the literal meaning, to further include multiple or implied meanings, formal structures like phonemes, syntax, etc. an awareness, therefore, of the flexibility of language through irony , sarcasm and other forms of word play
Word-for-word translations ("cribs", "ponies", or "trots") are sometimes prepared for writers who are translating a work written in a language they do not know. For example, Robert Pinsky is reported to have used a literal translation in preparing his translation of Dante 's Inferno (1994), as he does not know Italian.
For example, in Latin, the word bonus, or "good", consists of the root bon-, meaning "good", and the suffix - us, which indicates masculine gender, singular number, and nominative case. These languages are called fusional languages, because several meanings may be fused into a single
Researchers accept that there are multiple categories of language, even as they often disagree on the explicit number of those categories. De Swaan's analysis of the world language system, which is arguably the most common analysis, distinguishes between five different types of languages, one of which is "English as global lingua franca. [2]"