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A plough or plow (both pronounced / p l aʊ /) is a farm tool for loosening or turning the soil before sowing seed or planting. [1] Ploughs were traditionally drawn by oxen and horses but modern ploughs are drawn by tractors. A plough may have a wooden, iron or steel frame with a blade attached to cut and loosen the soil.
The carruca heavy plough improved on the earlier scratch plough, with the adoption of the Chinese mouldboard plough to turn over the heavy, wet soils of northern Europe. This led to the clearing of northern European forests and an increase in agricultural production, which in turn led to an increase in population.
The Debate between the hoe and the plough (CSL 5.3.1) is a work of Sumerian literature and one of the six extant works belonging to this literature's genre of disputations poem. It was written on clay tablets and dates to the Third Dynasty of Ur (ca. mid-3rd millennium BC) and runs 196 lines in length.
A simple drawn plough: 4) marks the coulter (using an early knife-like design) A (US:) colter / (British:) coulter (Latin 'culter' = 'knife') is a vertically mounted component of many ploughs that cuts an edge about 7 inches (18 cm) deep ahead of a plowshare. [1] Its most effective depth is determined by soil conditions. [2]
When reaching the end of the furrow, the leading oxen met the end first, and were turned left along the headland, while the plough continued as long as possible in the furrow (the strongest oxen were yoked at the back, and could draw the plough on their own for this short distance). By the time the plough eventually reached the end, the oxen ...
500 BC – The moldboard iron plough is invented in China; 500 BC – Row cultivation of crops using intensive hoeing to weed and conserve moisture practised in China; 300 BC – Efficient trace harness for plowing invented in China; 200 BC – Efficient collar harness for plowing invented in China; 100 BC – Rotary winnowing fan invented in China
Archaeological evidence of an animal-drawn plough dates back to 2500 BC in the Indus Valley Civilisation. [4] Outside the Indus Valley area of influence there are 2 regions with distinct agricultures dating back to around 2800-1500 BCE. These are the Deccan Plateau and an area within the modern states of Orissa and Bihar. Within the Deccan the ...
A hoe is an ancient and versatile agricultural and horticultural hand tool used to shape soil, remove weeds, clear soil, and harvest root crops. Shaping the soil includes piling soil around the base of plants ( hilling ), digging narrow furrows ( drills ) and shallow trenches for planting seeds or bulbs .