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Ibn Khaldun (/ ˈ ɪ b ən h æ l ˈ d uː n / IH-bun hal-DOON; Arabic: أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي, Abū Zayd ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Khaldūn al-Ḥaḍramī, Arabic: [ibn xalduːn]; 27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406, 732–808 AH) was an Arab [11] [12] sociologist, philosopher, and historian [13] [14] widely acknowledged to be ...
Ibn Khaldun held that population growth was a function of wealth. [23] He understood that money served as a standard of value, a medium of exchange, and a preserver of value, though he did not realize that the value of gold and silver changed based on the forces of supply and demand. [23] Ibn Khaldun also introduced the labor theory of value.
While most anti-Jewish polemicists saw those qualities as inherently Jewish, Ibn Khaldun attributed them to the mistreatment of Jews at the hands of the dominant nations. For that reason, says Ibn Khaldun, Jews "are renowned, in every age and climate, for their wickedness and their slyness". [43]
Ibn Khaldun also outlines early theories of division of labor, taxes, scarcity, and economic growth. [14] Khaldun was also one of the first to study the origin and causes of poverty; he argued that poverty was a result of the destruction of morality and human values. [ 15 ]
The Fatimid court occasionally appointed Jews to high-ranking positions. Yaqub ibn Killis, a Jewish convert to Islam, became vizier under Caliph al-Aziz Billah (r. 975–996) and played a crucial role in state administration. [51] Despite these opportunities, Jews, like other dhimmis, faced occasional persecution. Under Caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr ...
Thus, when the United Nations told the Jews to go home, it was mandatory that they do so. Just as Cyrus instructed the Jews of Babylonia to construct the Second Temple. This position is held by Eliezer Waldenberg [42] and others. The Three Oaths simply meant that God had decreed an exile for the Jewish people.
A late source from the 10th century, Josippon, states that Titus had settled some 50,000 Jews in North Africa, and ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), who himself came from Tunisia stated that several Berber tribes he had encountered had converted to Judaism. [1]
Vahid Brown states that the cross-fertilization among Jewish and Islamic philosophical mysticism, including Kabbalah and Sufism, in Al-Andalus, Spain during its Golden Age, apart from its impact on European Renaissance, had a strong influence in later developments in both philosophies in the rest of the Jewish and Muslim world. [2]