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The languages spoken in Galilee and Judea during the first century include the Semitic Aramaic and Hebrew languages as well as Greek, with Aramaic being the predominant language. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Most scholars agree that during the early part of the first century Aramaic was the mother tongue of virtually all natives of Galilee and Judea. [ 14 ]
The Aramaic original New Testament theory is the belief that the Christian New Testament was originally written in Aramaic. There are several versions of the New Testament in Aramaic languages: the Vetus Syra (Old Syriac), a translation from Greek into early Classical Syriac , containing most—but not all—of the text of the 4 Gospels, and ...
The New Testament part of the Christian Bible was originally written in Koine Greek, as most of the Church and scholars believe, and is therefore not a translation (notwithstanding that some reference material may have been from Aramaic). However, like other living languages, the Greek language has developed over time.
Koine Greek [a] (ἡ κοινὴ διάλεκτος, hē koinḕ diálektos, lit. ' the common dialect '), [b] also variously known as Hellenistic Greek, common Attic, the Alexandrian dialect, Biblical Greek, Septuagint Greek or New Testament Greek, was the common supra-regional form of Greek spoken and written during the Hellenistic period, the Roman Empire and the early Byzantine Empire.
The style of Koine Greek in which the New Testament is written differs from the general Koine Greek used by Greek writers of the same era, a difference that some scholars have explained by the fact that the authors of the New Testament, nearly all Jews and deeply familiar with the Septuagint, wrote in a Jewish-Greek dialect strongly influenced ...
In the 27th edition of the Nestle-Åland's Greek New Testament (NA27), the critical apparatus also cites translations into Armenian, Georgian, Gothic, Ethiopian, and Church Slavonic languages. These translations are rarely cited and only when they have special significance for particular variants (e.g., Mk 16:8). [ 112 ]
Koine Greek was the popular form of Greek which emerged in post-classical antiquity (c. 300 BC – 300 AD), and marks the third period in the history of the Greek language. [16] It is also called Alexandrian, Hellenistic, Common, or New Testament Greek. [citation needed]
Novum Testamentum Graece (The New Testament in Greek) is a critical edition of the New Testament in its original Koine Greek published by Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft (German Bible Society), forming the basis of most modern Bible translations and biblical criticism.