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Note 1] Although the chief of clan and Chief of the Name and Arms may concur in the same person they are not the same term. [16] See Chiefs of Clan Fraser for an example of chief of clan and Chief of the Name and Arms not being held by the same person. A crest badge of a clan chief of a fictional Scottish clan.
Chief: The clan, although not ruled by a chief, has a senior male in the way of Malcolm MacIntyre Kinnear; armigerous clan: Kinninmont: Crest: An oak tree vert. [167]
Until 2003, an Irish "Chief of the Name" was a person recognised by the Chief Herald of Ireland as the most senior known male descendant of the last inaugurated or de facto chief of that name in power in Gaelic Ireland at or before the end of the 16th century. The practice was discontinued in 2003 owing to the "MacCarthy Mór" fraud (below).
[2] [3] Since its founding, the council has convened regularly to discuss matters of importance to the clan system. As of August 2023, Sir Malcolm MacGregor, chief of Clan Gregor, is currently serving as the acting convenor of the council. Sir Malcolm assumed the convenor role following Donald MacLaren, chief of Clan MacLaren in July 2023. [4]
In the eighteenth century, when the people were primarily organized by clans and towns, they would appoint a leader for negotiations with the Europeans. They called him Uku, or "First Beloved Man". The title of "Principal Chief" was created in 1794, when the Cherokee began to formalize a more centralized political structure.
Not all tribal leaders are or were men. Wilma Mankiller was a well-known chief of the Cherokee Nation. Also, the chief may not free to wield power without the consent of a council of elders of some kind. For example: Cherokee men were not permitted to go to war without the consent of the council of women.
The current chief is John Ruaridh Grant Mackenzie, 5th Earl of Cromartie. His father was Ruaridh Grant Francis Blunt-Mackenzie, 4th Earl of Cromartie, who legally changed his surname to Mackenzie and was appointed chief of Clan Mackenzie by the Lord Lyon King of Arms in 1979. He therefore is the second modern 'chief'.
Often, the distinguishing factor is that a clan is a smaller, integral part of a larger society such as a tribe, chiefdom, or a state. In some societies, clans may have an official leader such as a chief, matriarch or patriarch; or such leadership role is performed by elders. In others, leadership positions may have to be achieved.