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  2. Cultural relativism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_relativism

    Cultural relativism is the view that concepts and moral values must be understood in their own cultural context and not judged according to the standards of a different culture. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It asserts the equal validity of all points of view and the relative nature of truth, which is determined by an individual or their culture.

  3. Moral relativism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_relativism

    Descriptive relativism is a widespread position in academic fields such as anthropology and sociology, which simply admit that it is incorrect to assume that the same moral or ethical frameworks are always in play in all historical and cultural circumstances.

  4. Relativism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativism

    Alethic relativism (also factual relativism) is the doctrine that there are no absolute truths, i.e., that truth is always relative to some particular frame of reference, such as a language or a culture (cultural relativism), while linguistic relativism asserts that a language's structures influence a speaker's perceptions.

  5. Ethical subjectivism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethical_subjectivism

    Ethical subjectivism is a completely distinct concept from moral relativism. [17] Ethical subjectivism claims that the truth or falsehood of ethical claims is dependent on the mental states and attitudes of people, but these ethical truths may be universal (i.e. one person or group's mental states may determine what is right or wrong for ...

  6. Cultural anthropology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_anthropology

    Cultural relativism involves specific epistemological and methodological claims. Whether or not these claims require a specific ethical stance is a matter of debate. This principle should not be confused with moral relativism. Cultural relativism was in part a response to Western ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism may take obvious forms, in which one ...

  7. Ethical Relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethical_Relativity

    The book argues for both psychological relativism (the verifiable observation that norms differ between cultures) and ethical relativism, and attempts to base ethics on the biological basis for emotions. Westermarck argues for ethical relativism by emphasizing that there is no empirical basis for objective standards in ethical theory. [2]

  8. Secular ethics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secular_ethics

    Secular ethical systems comprise a wide variety of ideas to include the normativity of social contracts, some form of attribution of intrinsic moral value, intuition-based deontology, cultural moral relativism, and the idea that scientific reasoning can reveal objective moral truth (known as science of morality).

  9. Moral realism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_realism

    [25] [26] A number of theories have been developed for how we access objective moral truths, including ethical intuitionism and moral sense theory. [27] Another criticism of moral realism put forth by Mackie is that it can offer no plausible explanation for cross-cultural moral differences— ethical relativism. "The actual variations in the ...