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Excavations at Karur yielded huge quantities of copper coins with Chera symbols such as the bow and arrow, Roman amphorae and Roman coins. An ancient route, from harbours such as Muchiri and Thondi in Karela through the Palghat Gap to Karur in interior Tamil Nadu can be traced using archaeological evidence. [23]
Kongu Chera coin (13th Century AD), Government Museum Chennai. There are clear attestations of repeated Pandya conquests of the Kerala/Chera country in the 7th and 8th centuries AD. [16] Pandya king Sendan was known as the "Vanavan", an ancient name for the Chera king. [16]
In olden days it was called Karuvoor or Vanchi or Vanji during Sangam days. There has been a plethora of rare findings during the archaeological excavations undertaken in Karur. These include mat-designed pottery, bricks, mud-toys, Roman coins, Chera Coins, Pallava Coins, Roman Amphorae, Rasset coated ware, rare rings, etc.
A Chera coin with the portrait of a king wearing a Roman helmet was discovered from Karur. The obverse side of the silver coin has the portrait of a king, facing left, wearing a Roman-type bristled-crown helmet. This coin maybelong to the 1st century BC and may be earlier to Makkotai and Kuttuvan Kotai coins.
The major discoveries from Pattanam include thousands of beads (made of semi-precious stone), shards of Roman amphora, Chera-era coins made of copper alloys and lead, fragments of Roman glass pillar bowls, terra sigillata, remains of a long wooden boat and associated bollards made of teak and a wharf made of fired brick. [12] [62]
Kuttuvan Kotai (Tamil: குட்டுவன் கோதை), also spelled Kothai/Kodai, [1] was a Chera ruler of early historic (pre-Pallava) south India. [2] [3]Silver coins bearing a portrait facing right with Tamil-Brahmi legend "Ku-t-tu-va-n Ko-tai" have been discovered from Amaravati riverbed in Karur, central Tamil Nadu.