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Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work . [1] It functions as a form of self-regulation by qualified members of a profession within the relevant field. Peer review methods are used to maintain quality standards, improve performance, and provide credibility.
The process of review articles being peer-reviewed is critical to their credibility. [9] The peer review process is a way to ensure the article is as polished and accurate as possible. Most often, those reviewing the article are fellow academics or experts within the field under discussion in the paper.
Most scientific and scholarly journals, and many academic and scholarly books, though not all, are based on some form of peer review or editorial refereeing to qualify texts for publication. Peer review quality and selectivity standards vary greatly from journal to journal, publisher to publisher, and field to field.
At the same time, a lot of respected, peer-reviewed work from Russian-language authors was ignored. [15] [16] Balonov's review concludes that the value of the report is negative, because it has very little scientific merit while being highly misleading to the lay reader. It also characterized the estimate of nearly a million deaths as more in ...
"Even if an article passes the peer review process, its publishing can have disastrous effects for the publisher" - there is no evidence that the Meyers article passed peer review - neither Sternberg nor Meyers is able to provide copies of the reviews. The article lacked scientific merit and was outside of the scope of the journal.
Thus 86 journals which legitimately performed peer review published the sham paper. [2] Many of the journals that accepted the paper are published by prestigious institutions and publishing companies, including Elsevier, SAGE, Wolters Kluwer – through its subsidiary Medknow (Journal of Natural Pharmaceuticals) – and several universities. [2]
The following journals used result-blind peer review or pre-accepted articles: The European Journal of Parapsychology, under Martin Johnson (who proposed a version of Registered Reports in 1974), [113] began accepting papers based on submitted designs and then publishing them, from 1976 to 1993, and published 25 RRs total [98]
It was the 1996 hoax by Alan Sokal in Social Text, in particular, that influenced James A. Lindsay and Peter Boghossian to publish a hoax article of their own. On May 19, 2017, peer-reviewed journal Cogent Social Sciences published "The conceptual penis as a social construct", [5] which argued that penises are not "male"; rather, they should be ...