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  2. Necessity (criminal law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_(criminal_law)

    Emergency law/right (nødret, nødrett) is the equivalent of necessity in Denmark and Norway.[1] [2] It is considered related to but separate from self-defence.Common legal examples of necessity includes: breaking windows and other objects in order to escape a fire, commandeering a vehicle to serve as an emergency ambulance, ignoring traffic rules while rushing a dying patient to a hospital ...

  3. Necessity in English criminal law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_in_English...

    Necessity would not usually be allowed as a defence to murder, but Brooke LJ. distinguished Dudley & Stephens on the basis that the doctors were not selecting the victim unlike the cabin boy in Dudley. The decision is restricted to cases of medical necessity and a conflict of duty owed both by doctors to different patients and by parents to ...

  4. Medical necessity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_necessity

    Medical necessity is a legal doctrine in the United States related to activities that may be justified as reasonable, necessary, and/or appropriate based on evidence-based clinical standards of care. In contrast, unnecessary health care lacks such justification. Other countries may have medical doctrines or legal rules covering broadly similar ...

  5. Necessity (tort) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_(tort)

    A defendant typically invokes the defense of necessity only against the intentional torts of trespass to chattels, trespass to land, or conversion. The Latin phrase from common law is necessitas inducit privilegium quod jura privata ("Necessity induces a privilege because of a private right"). A court will grant this privilege to a trespasser ...

  6. Justifiable homicide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justifiable_homicide

    Justifiable homicide applies to the blameless killing of a person, such as in self-defense. [1]The term "legal intervention" is a classification incorporated into the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, and does not denote the lawfulness or legality of the circumstances surrounding a death caused by law enforcement. [2]

  7. Competing harms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competing_harms

    Competing harms, also known as necessity defense, self-defense defense, or lesser harm, is a legal doctrine in certain U.S. states, particularly in New England.For example, the Maine Criminal Code holds that "Conduct that the person believes to be necessary to avoid imminent physical harm to that person or another is justifiable if the desirability and urgency of avoiding such harm outweigh ...

  8. Medical malpractice in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_malpractice_in_the...

    Much work has been done since then, including work by the author of that study who moved on from those low estimates back in the 1990s. For example, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention currently says that 75,000 patients die annually, in hospitals alone, from infections alone - just one cause of harm in just one kind of care setting. [4]

  9. Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Medical...

    The Hill-Burton Act of 1946, which provided federal assistance for the construction of community hospitals, established nondiscrimination requirements for institutions that received such federal assistance—including the requirement that a "reasonable volume" of free emergency care be provided for community members who could not pay—for a period for 20 years after the hospital's construction.